Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

April 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s objection to a report documenting its rights violations, the arrest of a political activist in Malaysia over a Facebook post, Pakistan’s lackluster response to rights violations, and a new report on the persecution of parliamentarians in Southeast Asia.

Macao
Unrelenting assault on freedoms
The Macao government has denounced a U.S. government report that described "no significant" improvements to the human rights situation of the special administrative region.

In its recent report assessing the human rights situation of nearly 200 countries, the U.S. State Department said Macao’s revisions of its national security law in 2023 allowed it to continue muzzling press freedom, freedom of speech, and political freedoms.

Experts believe the revisions – which expanded the definitions of punishable crimes under the law – were an attempt to head off a similar political crisis that embroiled Hong Kong when Beijing imposed its own NSL in the city in 2020.

The Macao government called the report “baseless,” while harping on the region's "breakthrough development" and purported protection of its residents' rights and freedoms as evidence of its adherence to human rights principles.

Doubling down on its NSL, the government said the law "draws extensive reference from the legislative experience in other jurisdictions" while considering "legal traditions and social realities."

Macao also claimed that its current electoral system – which, according to the same report, thwarted citizens' ability to replace leaders – was strongly supported by locals.

While the Macao government urged the U.S. government to respect “objective facts,” the statement did not provide specific rebuttals of the incidents cited in the report that illustrated the limited freedoms in the special administrative region (SAR).

The report cited two incidents in 2023 where a Hong Kong resident and a former pro-democracy district councilor in Hong Kong were barred from entering Macao on the grounds of making seditious statements and, in the case of the latter, posing a risk to public security.  

Unlike Hong Kong, where large-scale pro-democracy protests erupted in 2020 against the NSL, Macao has been largely silent and lacks the same public resistance against China’s interference and undermining of civil liberties. This has allowed China to trumpet Macao as a successful example of the "one country, two systems" framework.

As it flexes its power over Hong Kong and Macao, the Chinese government recently publicly hailed its success in integrating the two regions with mainland China, skipping any mention of violating the handover treaties that guaranteed both SARs a high degree of autonomy, as well as its citizens’ severely eroded freedoms.
A new human rights report raises concerns about Macao (cityscape shown in picture), alleging that civil liberties and fundamental freedoms have eroded in the former Portuguese territory. (Photo: Shutterstock / Mantas Volungevicius)
Image is not available
Malaysia
Unwarranted arrest
Accused of greenlighting a controversial casino project, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim has taken to judicially harassing an activist who spoke up on the issue in a Facebook post, resorting to tactics that a lawyers’ group said was proof of the leader’s failure to protect his constituents' constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech.

Badrul Hisham Shaharin, also known as Chegubard, was arrested on April 27 under the Sedition Act 1948 and Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act – an act of repressive intimidation, according to human rights group Suaram and seen to be in step with the current Pakatan Harapan-led unity government’s pattern of weaponizing two of three draconian laws it once promised to repeal.

Chegubard is accused of making seditious and defamatory remarks on his Facebook page, where he commented on the Bloomberg report that said Anwar and two prominent business tycoons – Berjaya founder Tan Sri Vincent Tan and Genting Group’s Tan Sri Lim Kok Thay – were in talks to build a casino in Forest City in southern Johor state.

Anwar called the report a "lie" and denied issuing a casino license. He also demanded that parties named in the article "take the necessary action" but stopped short of calling on Bloomberg to take down the piece.

Human rights group Lawyers for Liberty (LFL) condemned Chegubard's arrest and asserted that talking about the matter – including publicly questioning the government about it – should not be treated as a crime.

"The Bloomberg report was also attached in the same post. Where is the crime in this? Only in dictatorships do people get arrested for something like this," said LFL director Zaid Malek.

This comes days after international human rights watchdog Amnesty International criticized Anwar’s government for failing to deliver on its pledges to repeal long-contested laws, like the colonial-era Sedition Act and the Communications and Multimedia Act, which restrict the rights to freedom of expression.

Like Anwar, past Malaysian governments had similarly backtracked on campaign promises to repeal oppressive laws.

Former Prime Minister Najib Razak also pledged to abolish the Sedition Act but later strengthened it instead. Pakatan Harapan twice promised in its 2018 and 2022 election manifestos to repeal or abolish the draconian provisions in the Sedition Act and the Communications and Multimedia Act yet has shown no real effort to do so.
An unfinished stairway lies in the deserted beach of Forest City in Malaysia, where news reports of plans to build a casino have been denied by the Malaysian government. (Photo: Shutterstock / Tang Yan Song)
Image is not available
Pakistan
Image is not available
Unabated impunity
The Pakistani government rarely took concrete steps to identify and punish officials accused of human rights violations, a new report assessing the country’s human rights situation found.

This finding illustrates the apparent lack of accountability in a country where a “sense of powerlessness” now grips its citizens, according to the Human Rights Commission.

In its report released on April 22, the U.S. State Department listed a wide range of human rights challenges plaguing the South Asian country, including unlawful civilian deaths, serious restrictions on freedom of expression and religion, as well as violence against minority groups.

The report said that “violence, abuse, and social and religious intolerance by militant organizations and other non-state actors, both local and foreign, contributed to a culture of lawlessness.”

Pakistan has also been similarly flagged for its drastic human rights situation by rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, with recent violence prompting concerns over an increase in vigilante-style attacks on religious minorities in Pakistan in the past year, which are driven by the country’s discriminatory blasphemy laws and culture of impunity.

In August 2023, hundreds of rioters were arrested after they torched five churches and houses belonging to the local Christian community in what has been one of the worst cases of violence against religious minorities in recent years. Torn pages of the Quran seen near the area apparently prompted the attack. Residents told activists that the police warned them hours before the attack but claimed they could do nothing to stop it.

Pakistan’s blasphemy laws criminalize various acts, such as “misusing religious epithets,” “defiling” the Holy Quran, deliberately “outraging religious sentiment” and “using derogatory remarks in respect of the Prophet Muhammad.”

But human rights advocates have flagged these laws for emboldening perpetrators of mob violence to take the law into their own hands, attacking mostly minority sects and severely curtailing their rights to freedom of religion and expression.

Besides attacks on religious minorities, rights advocates have raised concerns about the continued violence against women and girls in Pakistan, with authorities doing nothing to stop the so-called “honor killings” that target women and girls. According to Human Rights Watch, roughly 1,000 women are murdered in “honor killings” every year.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan (in picture) has been asked to act on allegations that high-ranking judges have been threatened to rule in favor of jailing former Prime Minister Imran Khan. (Photo: Shutterstock / Jahangir Sultan)
Global/Regional
Image is not available
Persecuting parliamentarians
Even lawmakers with an electoral mandate to hold public office have not been safe from human rights violations.

Southeast Asian lawmakers continue to face continued harassment and persecution for their work and have been subject to state-sponsored threats, according to a new report by a regional parliament group dedicated to human rights, with Myanmar identified as Southeast Asia’s worst offender.

The report by the ASEAN Parliament for Human Rights (APHR) released on April 25 found that Myanmar is the only country in the region that jails its parliamentarians, accounting for all 74 lawmakers detained in the region.

Most belong to deposed leader Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD), the party that won the 2020 elections but was dissolved three years later by the ruling junta. Meanwhile, other ousted lawmakers are in hiding as they face risks of torture or death at the hands of the military.

The APHR report calls to mind the 2021 report of the Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU), a global organization of parliamentarians, which warned that political instability and the arrest of democratic figurehead Aung San Suu Kyi could herald more arrests of elected parliamentarians by the junta. At the time, the IPU said it had received reports of human rights violations carried out against 55 parliamentarians.

Beyond Myanmar, the APHR report also documents the threats faced by other parliamentarians in the region, highlighting that they are typically targeted for speaking and acting on behalf of their constituents.

In the Philippines, former opposition senator Leila De Lima’s six-year incarceration while former President Rodrigo Duterte was still in power demonstrates the fate awaiting opposing or dissenting civil servants including parliamentarians under an oppressive government. Her release in November 2023 was welcomed by rights groups and political allies but cited as an example of justice being delayed and denied.

The APHR report also noted that parliamentarians in Thailand and Cambodia have been routinely blocked from participating or fulfilling the mandate given to them in a free and fair election.

In Cambodia, the country's largest opposition party, the Candlelight Party, was prevented from participating in the 2023 elections.

That same year, in Thailand, the Move Forward Party (MFP) won the highest number of votes but was prevented from assuming office by the military-controlled Senate. The MFP now faces dissolution after losing a court case on reforming a draconian royal insults law.
Opposition lawmakers in Myanmar (flag shown in picture) make up all of Southeast Asia’s detained parliamentarians, according to a new report by the ASEAN Parliament for Human Rights that looks at the persecution of parliamentarians in the region. (Photo: Shutterstock / Andy.LIU)
April 29, 2024
April 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s objection to a report documenting its rights violations, the arrest of a political activist in Malaysia over a Facebook post, Pakistan’s lackluster response to rights violations, and a new report on the persecution of parliamentarians in Southeast Asia.

April 22, 2024
April 22, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at a new report on China’s “digital authoritarian playbook” exported to Indo-Pacific countries; Singapore’s first leadership change in 20 years; updates about Bhutan’s ethnic Nepali prisoners of conscience; and a call for ASEAN leaders to lead the charge against “waste colonialism.”

April 15, 2024
April 15, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the disappearing native languages of Taiwan; Singapore’s crackdown on arms exports to Myanmar; a renewed campaign for transitional justice in Nepal; and the challenges of dealing with worsening heat waves in Asia, especially for children.

April 8, 2024
April 8, 2024

This week, we take a look at the first-ever apology of an academic society to Japan’s indigenous Ainu people; the continuing impunity in Laos’ cases of enforced disappearances; the harrowing ordeal of Nepalese migrant workers who are coming back home with chronic kidney disease; and the need to increase health care spending beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

April 1, 2024
April 1, 2024

This week, we look at China’s relentless campaign to Sinicize Tibet; Vietnam’s crackdown on free speech and its continued defense of the use of the death penalty; the establishment of a transgender-friendly mosque in Muslim-majority Bangladesh; and the Belt and Road Initiative’s shortfall in Southeast Asia.

March 25, 2024
March 25, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Hong Kong’s passage of its homegrown national security law, Malaysia’s withdrawal of a controversial citizenship amendment affecting children, Afghan girls barred from secondary education for the third consecutive year, and dangerous air pollution levels in South Asia.

March 18, 2024
March 18, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at a groundbreaking win for same-sex couples in Japan, moves to dissolve the opposition in Thailand, the looming threat of authoritarian rule in Sri Lanka and a Cambodian opposition leader’s attempts for compromise.

March 11, 2024
March 11, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the impact of border restrictions in North Korea, the next Indonesian president’s problems with democracy, a drastic mistrial in Pakistan, and Thailand’s unexpected defiance of the Myanmar junta.

March 4, 2024
March 4, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the plummeting birth rates in South Korea, Vietnam’s clampdown on workers’ rights, Nepal police’s use of force against street vendors and the pushback against China’s attempts to spread authoritarianism in the region.

February 26, 2024
February 26, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese LGBTQ’s acts of defiance, the dangers of Malaysia’s new media ethics code, employment struggles among Muslim minorities in India, and the possible use of AI tools by hacker groups to disrupt elections in 2024.

February 19, 2024
February 19, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the arrest of a Tibetan monk over a photo of the Dalai Lama, Myanmar’s mandatory military service for young people, Afghanistan’s collapsing health care system, and the retraction of papers by Chinese researchers over human rights concerns.

February 12, 2024
February 12, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the illegal use of restraint on women inmates in Japan, Singapore's new law allowing “dangerous” offenders to be kept in prison indefinitely, violence and allegations of vote-rigging in Pakistan, and unrest among exploited North Korean workers in China.

February 5, 2024
February 5, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s urgent need to step up its mental health support services amid the rise in suicides, a major setback in the royal insult law reform campaign in Thailand, the public identification of alleged rights violators among civil servants in Nepal, and police abuses against Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.

January 29, 2024
January 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the overturned acquittal of a pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, Vietnam’s denial of its human rights abuses, Sri Lanka’s new bill regulating online speech and greater international scrutiny of China’s actions in Tibet.

January 22, 2024
January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the historic win of a pro-independence leader in Taiwan, the use of deepfake technology to bolster Indonesian politicians’ electoral campaigns, the outcome of Bhutan’s fourth-ever free elections, and the transactional diplomacy emboldening rights abuses of governments in Asia.

January 8, 2024
January 8, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of the stabbing of a leading opposition leader in South Korea, another political prisoner dying under the rule of the Myanmar junta, Afghanistan’s worst crackdown on women since returning to power, and the upcoming elections in South Asia.

January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Tibetans forced to commemorate the birth anniversary of People’s Republic of China founder Mao Zedong, Singapore’s review of a contentious HIV disclosure law, a fatal mass demonstration in Nepal, and new victims of the globally notorious Pegasus spyware.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

previous arrow
next arrow