Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

February 5, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s urgent need to step up its mental health support services amid the rise in suicides, a major setback in the royal insult law reform campaign in Thailand, the public identification of alleged rights violators among civil servants in Nepal, and police abuses against Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.

Macao
Macao’s long shadow
Macao’s escalating suicide figures underscore the increasingly critical need for authorities to widen public access to mental health services – a long-standing promise that has yet to stem the rising tide of this disturbing phenomenon.

The World Health Organization said mental health is a basic human right. This comes with the right “to available, accessible, acceptable and good quality care.”

Based on new data by the Macao Health Services, Macao documented 88 suicide incidents in 2023 – up from 80 recorded the previous year and 60 in 2021.

The latest number appears to be the highest in over a decade, based on official data available between 2012 and 2023 (excluding 2014-2016). It also represents 13 suicide cases for every 100,000 people in Macao – higher than the WHO’s global average of nine out of every 100,000.

Mental illness as well as gambling and financial problems were cited as major causes of suicide, which was also found to be most common among men above the age of 45, health authorities said.

The health department vowed anew to increase people’s access to mental health services and widen social support networks – part of the Macao government’s broader responsibility to improve its delivery of healthcare services as enshrined in the territory’s Basic Law.

It is estimated that there are currently only 16 psychiatrists and 86 psychologists working in all medical facilities in Macao. These numbers translate to one psychiatrist for every 42,100 persons and one psychologist per 7,800 people, based on estimates.

Lawmaker Ella Lei last year flagged the shortage of mental health professionals in the former Portuguese colony, highlighting the inadequate number of psychiatrists and psychologists that could address the mental health needs of Macao residents.

Last year health officials attributed the rise in suicide cases to people’s existing mental illnesses or gambling-related problems, saying in a report that the factors that cause suicide are “complex and often involve mental illness, psychological, socio-economic, family, human relations and biological genetic factors.”

Macao has been one of the world’s biggest gambling centers, parallel to the United States’ Las Vegas strip.

In the past decade, researchers have noted that several gamblers have developed disordered gambling and are, as a result, vulnerable to depression and anxiety, according to a 2018 study in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
People walk outside a hospital in Macao, where a lack of mental health professionals is believed to be deepening the region’s mental health crisis. (Photo: Shutterstock / Olga dos Santos)
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Thailand
Outlawing anti-monarchy campaigns
Thailand's progressive Move Forward Party (MFP), which won the most seats in last year's election but was blocked from taking power, has been dealt another blow by the country’s conservative elite, this time with a court ruling that carries far-reaching repercussions for MFP’s political future along with other opposition parties in the country.

On Jan. 30, Thailand's Constitutional Court ordered the party and its leader, Pita Limjaroenrat, to cease campaigning to amend the country's draconian lese-majeste law, which criminalizes any criticism of the monarchy with prison sentences of up to 15 years.

The court, in a unanimous decision, declared the pro-reform party's campaign an unconstitutional attempt to "overthrow the monarchy” and that its proponents showed “an intent to separate the monarchy from the Thai nation, which is significantly dangerous to the security of the state.”

Pita has denied allegations that he and his party were seeking to cause the “deterioration of the monarchy.” He lamented that the court deprived parliament of an opportunity to debate the issue of royal insult law reform.

MFP had captured the popular vote in 2023 with its promises of reform, including amendments to the royal defamation law, only to be prevented from assuming office by senators loyal to the previous ruling junta.

While the court stopped short of dissolving the party, the order to cease campaigning for lese-majeste reform is widely seen as a harbinger of more repressive tactics targeting the opposition, like banning their party leaders from running for future elections.

MFP’s predecessor, the now-defunct Future Forward, had attempted to rally people behind a similar campaign and was disbanded in 2020 for violating election laws.

Thailand's lese-majeste law has been used to intimidate and silence critics, journalists, artists, and ordinary citizens expressing dissent. Over 260 individuals have been prosecuted under this law, with its use becoming more frequent following the youth-led protests in 2020 critical of the monarchy.

The ban on the MFP’s campaign sends a chilling message against anyone questioning the monarchy's role in Thai society, said Sunai Phasuk, senior researcher on Thailand in Human Rights Watch’s Asia division.

“Over the past three years, Thailand has witnessed rising demands for monarchy reform. The constitutional court has essentially disallowed that momentum to grow further,” Phasuk said.
A large portrait of Thai king Bhumibol Adulyadej Rama 9 stands outside a government office in Bangkok, Thailand, where thousands of protesters have demanded the abolition of royal defamation laws. (Photo: Shutterstock / 1000 Words)
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Nepal
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Naming and shaming
Nepal's human rights commission has wielded anew its constitutional power to publicly name government officials accused of human rights violations in an apparent attempt to pressure the government to take action on its findings.

On Jan. 30, the commission released a list of 60 public officials who were implicated in such violations during the fiscal year 2022-2023. This marked the second time it had made such a list public. In October 2020, the commission publicly identified 286 civil servants embroiled in alleged human rights violations, only 30 of whom have been held accountable.

The latest list includes 32 current and former Nepal police officials, 12 government officials, 10 former leaders of the Communist Party of Nepal, four army officials, and one each from the Armed Police Force and the National Investigation Department.

The Nepal Constitution has long authorized the rights watchdog to publicly disclose the identity of accused rights violators since it was created over two decades ago. However, it was only four years ago that the watchdog exercised this authority.

In 2020, Mandira Sharma, senior international legal advisor at the International Commission of Jurists, said that while publishing the names of those responsible for human rights abuses was an “important step,” the report had “exposed the fact that the commission has struggled with a lack of investigative capacity, failing in many cases to summon alleged perpetrators or demand documentation.”

Human Rights Watch (HRW) similarly acknowledges the importance of naming and shaming alleged human rights violators in both public and private spheres. Yet it cautions that some rights violators will, when exposed, flaunt their abuses to score political points instead of rectifying their errors.

Besides naming and shaming the individuals or institutions directly responsible for rights abuses, groups can widen their scope to include the financiers and broad networks of support that enable rights violators, HRW said.

Since its establishment in 2000, Nepal's human rights body has made several recommendations, of which only 15 percent have been fully implemented.

Last year, the human rights watchdog demanded that the Nepali government investigate more than 100 persons involved in the 2007 Gaur massacre, which resulted in 27 deaths and 115 wounded.

However, months after it was notified of the rights body's request to probe those accused of involvement in the massacre, the government had not taken action.
Nepal’s human rights watchdog has released a list of 60 people implicated in human rights violations. (Photo: Shutterstock / Prehistorik)
Global/Regional
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Nowhere to escape
Around a million Rohingya refugees have not only had to deal with sordid conditions in makeshift camps in Bangladesh – they have also been subjected to sexual assault, harassment, and abuse by local police.

A Feb. 2 report by Deutsche Welle (DW) paints this painful reality and explains in detail allegations of police violence long suspected to be running rampant in the world's largest refugee camp in southern Bangladesh.

The German broadcaster also reports that Rohingya women refugees who survived rape attempts by police were ordered to stay silent by law enforcement authorities amid a lack of legal support.

One 22-year-old Rohingya woman told DW that when she attempted to file a complaint against a member of the Armed Police Battalion (APBn) who attempted to rape her, she was threatened to withdraw her complaint or face arrest. Others have been raped and killed.

The plight of Rohingya refugees in Bangladeshi camps echoes the same unfettered violence that they sought to escape when they fled Myanmar in 2017.

Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees fled to neighboring Bangladesh that year to escape the wrath of Burmese troops who, in response to an attack by Rohingya militants that killed 12 security personnel, killed civilians and destroyed villages in a crackdown that U.N. Human Rights Chief Zeid Raad Al Hussein called a “textbook example of ethnic cleansing.”

The Rohingya are now essentially trapped in an escalating cycle of violence in Bangladesh camps as other countries like Indonesia and Thailand have refused to welcome large numbers of refugees, citing resource constraints and the absence of a formal refugee legal framework.

Human Rights Watch (HRW) has called on donor governments to pressure Bangladeshi authorities to investigate the alleged crimes being committed by law enforcement authorities against the refugees.

The APBn’s extortion, arbitrary arrests, and harassment of refugees deepen the suffering of a group “already facing violence from criminal gangs and armed groups,” the international watchdog said.

Bangladesh has argued that sending Rohingya back to Myanmar is the best way to resolve the violence in refugee camps. In the meantime, HRW said, Bangladeshi authorities must immediately establish a rights-respecting security policy in collaboration with U.N. agencies and the refugees themselves, as well as provide comprehensive access to education and livelihoods.
Rohingya refugees, who have fled Myanmar, wait for their turn to collect food aid near Kutupalong refugee camp, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, on Sept. 20, 2017. (Photo: Shutterstock / Sk Hasan Ali)
February 5, 2024
February 5, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s urgent need to step up its mental health support services amid the rise in suicides, a major setback in the royal insult law reform campaign in Thailand, the public identification of alleged rights violators among civil servants in Nepal, and police abuses against Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.

January 29, 2024
January 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the overturned acquittal of a pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, Vietnam’s denial of its human rights abuses, Sri Lanka’s new bill regulating online speech and greater international scrutiny of China’s actions in Tibet.

January 22, 2024
January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the historic win of a pro-independence leader in Taiwan, the use of deepfake technology to bolster Indonesian politicians’ electoral campaigns, the outcome of Bhutan’s fourth-ever free elections, and the transactional diplomacy emboldening rights abuses of governments in Asia.

January 8, 2024
January 8, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of the stabbing of a leading opposition leader in South Korea, another political prisoner dying under the rule of the Myanmar junta, Afghanistan’s worst crackdown on women since returning to power, and the upcoming elections in South Asia.

January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Tibetans forced to commemorate the birth anniversary of People’s Republic of China founder Mao Zedong, Singapore’s review of a contentious HIV disclosure law, a fatal mass demonstration in Nepal, and new victims of the globally notorious Pegasus spyware.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

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