Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

Read below for more.

Global/Regional
Critical consensus
The G20, a large intergovernmental forum involving 20 of the world’s largest economies, will convene for its annual summit in New Delhi over the coming weekend (Sept. 9-10). The event will bring together some of the most powerful and influential personalities on the planet to discuss a wide range of topics, foremost of which are economic measures.

Ahead of the meeting, an analysis piece published last week by the international think tank Foreign Policy In Focus urged the G20 to spotlight urgent human rights and democratic issues, too.

“G20 members should recognize that most topics on the G20 agenda — debt crises, social protection programs, food security, internet freedom — at their root are about human rights and should be framed as such,” the analysis piece read.

For instance, virtually all G20 members should be in agreement over Myanmar, and that its military junta has perpetrated widespread and grave human rights abuses since the coup in 2021. The same goes for the Taliban, which has reneged on its promises of respecting women’s rights and has only rolled back civil liberties since they ascended into power in 2021

Most members could also reach an agreement regarding debt, with 39 low-income countries suffering from debt distress, based on data from the International Monetary Fund. The Fund has been known to impose strict requirements and policies that only worsen poverty and deprivation in borrower countries — something that the 20-economy forum could oppose.

Still, a unified and strong consensus could prove difficult for the body, however, given how all 20 member territories have their own internal political situations and agendas. Russia and China, for instance, have blocked language condemning the attack on Ukraine from the forum’s statements.

To rights advocates it seems hypocritical for many of these economies to take sharp human rights and democratic stances given their decidedly oppressive practices. G20 president India, for example, has a particularly dire track record, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party promoting policies that discriminate against minorities and officials cracking down on core freedoms.
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Bangladesh and Afghanistan
Heightened digital surveillance, heightened fears
The Taliban last week turned Kabul into a virtual surveillance state, installing more than 62,000 security cameras at various locations around Afghanistan’s capital. According to authorities, this effort was undertaken in collaboration with residents who voluntarily set up cameras in their homes and streets.

Abdul Matin Qane, spokesperson for the Taliban’s Ministry of Interior, said that the increased surveillance will lead to a safer city, and that, as part of its four-year campaign to lower crime rates, the government is planning to expand this security camera network to other cities.

Amnesty International, however, warned that the increased surveillance will only aggravate the human rights violations and oppression perpetrated by the de facto government.

“Implementing such a vast architecture of mass surveillance under the guise of ‘national security’ sets a template for the Taliban to continue its draconian policies that violate fundamental rights of people in Afghanistan — especially women in public spaces,” Matt Mahmoudi, Amnesty International’s researcher and advisor on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, said.

The Taliban regained power over Afghanistan in 2021, after the U.S. haphazardly withdrew its armed forces from the country. The extremist group initially pledged to uphold and continue the progress made on women’s rights. But it very quickly became clear that the extremist leaders would not only break its promise, but also actively take steps to curtail the freedoms and social participation of women.

Elsewhere in South Asia, Bangladesh has drawn concern from international rights organizations for its draft Cyber Security Act. Amnesty International’s interim deputy regional director for South Asia, says it is “largely a replication of the draconian Digital Security Act (DSA) that preceded it,” citing the proposed law’s repressive features.

Bangladesh has a long history of enacting policies that empower digital surveillance. The highly controversial Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Act, for instance, has been used to imprison critics and political opposition, as well as impose tough curbs on online speech. The DSA, which seeks to replace it, is considered worse than the ICT Act, with its vague and broad prohibitions going alongside steep punishments.
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Cambodia
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Meta on Hun Sen’s side
Cambodia’s Prime Minister is finally back on Facebook, thanks to Meta’s rejection of its Oversight Board’s recommendation to take Hun Sen off the popular social media platform.

According to Cambodia’s Telecommunications Ministry, Meta’s decision to override its Oversight Board “confirms the integrity of dissemination of information contents on the official Facebook account” of Hun Sen.

“Please accept and congratulate Meta Platforms Inc. for the fair judgement,” the Ministry’s statement read.

Hun Sen’s social media saga started in June 2023 when Meta’s Oversight Board overturned a prior decision by the tech giant to leave a video up on Hun Sen’s Facebook page. In the said video, the Prime Minister was giving a speech where he responded to accusations from political opponents that the ruling Cambodia People’s Party (CPP) engaged in voter fraud during the 2022 elections.

Hun Sen lobbed threats at his detractors, saying he would “gather CPP people to protest and beat you up,” Meta’s Oversight Board reported. Hun Sen made many other threats in his speech, which was viewed more than 600,000 times after it was uploaded to his official Facebook page.

The Oversight Board deemed that Hun Sen in his speech made “unequivocal statements of intent to commit violence” against his political opponents, in violation of Facebook’s policies. Hun Sen should be taken off the platform, the Board recommended.

Cambodian authorities called the verdict “political in nature” and barred members of the Oversight Board from entering the country.

The entire saga – Hun Sen’s intimidation and his government’s retaliation – is par for the course for an autocratic leader who has spent his nearly 40 years in power intimidating his opponents into silence and violently suppressing those who dare to speak up. Since he flung himself into power in 1985, Hun Sen has enabled, if not actively promoted, state-sponsored crackdowns on independent media and civil society, ushering Cambodia into an age of authoritarian rule.
North Korea
Rampaging hunger in the hermit kingdom
The autocratic government of North Korea keeps an extremely tight lid on the news that flows out of the country, but some social crises spin so out of control and their impacts become so widespread that news leaks are completely unavoidable.

An example of this are last week’s reports of deaths due to starvation and disease in Hamhung, North Korea’s second-largest city. Beyond the deaths, there has also been a sharp spike in “robberies and other hideous crimes” in Hamhung, according to an unnamed visitor to the city quoted by the news outfit Rimjin-Gang.

While the whisper network blames the deprivation on the country’s dire economic situation, the true state of matters on the ground is nearly impossible to accurately pin down, given the government’s harsh restrictions on media access and misinformation.

“Crackdowns on false rumors these days are harsh, and there’s a lot of cases where people are investigated for talking about information that puts the country in a bad light,” said a reporter identified only as A, who had visited Hamhung.

Famines are unfortunately a common occurrence in North Korea, In the 2022 Global Hunger Index, the Northeast Asian country ranked 97th out of 121 countries covered, with a score of 24.9, indicating a hunger level deemed “serious”. The GHI takes into account several key indicators of hunger, including undernourishment, as well as child stunting, wasting, and mortality.

These famines are often triggered by its agricultural policies that are detrimental to food production, and are aggravated by the seclusive and secretive proclivities of its government. For example, the 1990s famine that killed millions of North Koreans is one of the world’s most grotesque humanitarian crises in history, but it is also among the least understood.

Mounting economic sanctions from other governments, largely led by the U.S., have also worsened the situation. In a June 2023 opinion piece for The Guardian, columnist Simon Jenkins argues that trade bans and other similar measures hurt the country’s poor the most  — all while leaving its powerful government figures unaffected.

Sanctions “have entrenched existing elites in power, making them ever more paranoid in their behavior,” Jenkins says. “They weaken a country’s tolerance of dissent and reduce the likelihood of any change.”
September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

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