Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

Read below for more.

Malaysia
Two sides of the same repressive, bigoted coin
Last week, Malaysia charged prominent opposition figure Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor under the country’s Sedition Act, alleging that the politician made insulting comments against the Sultan of Selangor.

This case comes as tensions across Malaysia’s political aisle have risen to critical levels ahead of the state elections this weekend.

Malaysia’s Sedition Act, introduced during the British colonial era, criminalizes speech that seeks to disparage the government or its royal sultans. The Act also prohibits inciting hatred or violence against other races or religions, or questioning the elevated status of the ethnic Malay majority. Punishment includes fines and imprisonment of up to three years.

Several international human rights groups have pointed out the dangers of the Sedition Act. Amnesty International, for instance, says that the Malaysian government has used the Act to “suppress critical discourse in Malaysia,” specifically targeting human rights defenders, activists, and journalists.

Article 19, meanwhile, asserts that the Sedition Act contradicts the rule of law and the basic human right to freedom of expression and “fails to comply with the widely-accepted requirement that any restriction on freedom of expression must be necessary and proportional.” Instead, the Act has been wielded by authorities to suppress dissent and political opposition.

Rightly, many critics have blasted the government’s decision to file charges against Sanusi, alleging that the charges were politically motivated and meant to silence an opposition figure. “This is a black day for the country,” Zaid Malek, director of Lawyers for Liberty, a Malaysian human rights organization, said in a statement as reported by The Straits Times. “The notorious Sedition Act has reared its ugly head again, now used against a key political rival of the government now holding federal power.”

Still, many have pointed out Sanusi’s right-wing politics and rhetoric – and the need to find some way of keeping him in check. In an analysis piece in The Diplomat, security analyst Aizat Shamsuddin labelled the critical response to the charges as “liberal naivety,” shifting the focus away from the rabid conservative forces rampant in Malaysia.
PHOTO: Woman casting her vote in the Malaysian province of Selangor. Ahead of the 2023 polls, the Malay government filed charges against key opposition figure Muhammad Sanusi Md Nor under the Sedition Act for comments he made against a sultan. Critics have blasted this move, calling it an effort on the administration’s part to stifle dissent and stamp out political adversaries..
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Pakistan
No negotiating power
Between its unabating political turmoil and rapidly mounting economic woes, Pakistan is in no position to negotiate with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Last week, the South Asian nation announced that it was raising petrol and diesel prices, effective immediately, in line with the international lender’s requirements for a US$3 billion financial bailout package, as agreed upon last June. Rising fuel prices in international markets also contributed to the gas hikes.

“We all know that the international commitments we have with the International Monetary Fund regarding the petroleum levy, if they weren’t there then we would have announced either partial adjustment or whatever the premier would have deemed appropriate to give a lower increase,” Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said, as reported by Pakistan Today.

Pakistan secured a bailout loan from the IMF in 2019 valued at US$6.5 billion. The package was designed to salvage the country from an economic meltdown, but the fund’s disbursement has been slow and eventually stalled. In February of this year, as its inflation was spiraling out of control, Pakistan sought to restart the payments – but was met with steep and potentially even more economically damaging demands from the IMF.

For instance, the financial institution has asked Pakistan to increase its general sales tax rate, ease energy and fuel subsidies, and adopt a market-based exchange rate, all of which could make it even harder for regular Pakistanis to satisfy their basic needs, according to international non-profit Human Rights Watch. Higher value added taxes, in particular, combined with an impending spike in fuel and energy prices, “will hit hardest on the people already most heavily affected.”

Before imposing such requirements, the HRW recommends that the IMF first assess how much these adjustments would affect Pakistan’s poorest. Rather than aggravating the already-rampant inequality in the country, the lender should instead use its leverage to encourage Pakistan to enact policies to improve social security and ensure a higher standard of living for its people.
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China
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Critical curbs on cyberspace
Despite already being the world's most restrictive country when it comes to online speech, China last week imposed a fresh round of internet limitations.

According to new regulations proposed by the Cyberspace Administration of China, children and teenagers under the age of 18 years will not be able to access the internet from their mobile devices from 10 PM to 6 AM.

The new restrictions will also apply a tiered smartphone management system, allowing for only a maximum of 40 minutes of usage per day for kids under 8 years of age, while teens aged 16 or 17 will be allowed two hours of device use daily. These rules are scheduled to come into force in early September and will allow parents to bypass them if they want to.

While these new measures are ostensibly meant to curb internet addiction among minors and bolster online protections for the youth, they are also very much in line with China’s well-established track record of curtailing speech and expression – regardless of the medium.

In 2023, international human rights organization Freedom House found the Northeast Asian to have the worst conditions for internet freedom for the eighth consecutive year. In particular, China applied its strictest censors for content related to the COVID-19 pandemic, paying special focus to posts from residents sharing their negative experiences during lockdowns.

China focused this online crackdown on journalists, activists, and members of religious and racial minorities, many of whom were targeted by state intimidation tactics or were outright arrested and detained simply for sharing content that the government did not find agreeable.

This punitive pattern shows no signs of letting up soon. Last week, alongside the curbs on youth internet access, China blocked more than 8,000 social accounts supposedly for spreading false or misleading information against companies and entrepreneurs. This crackdown, while conducted under the guise of keeping the domestic business environment healthy, is just the latest development in China’s ongoing legacy of internet restrictions.
Global/Regional
Inundated in injustice
In its State of the Global Climate in 2022 report released last week, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlighted the grave economic impact of flooding on Asia. In 2022, more than 80 natural hazard events hit Asia, the vast majority of which were floods and storms, costing the region billions and billions of dollars in damages.

In total, these more than 80 natural calamities claimed over 5,000 lives, 90 percent of which were due to floods.

Some of the hardest hit areas are also among the world’s poorest, including several provinces in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. China also reported record flooding in 2022, which swept over its southwestern and northwestern provinces – but also grappled with drought, which dried its Yangtze River Basin in August 2022.

Despite bearing the brunt of the climate emergency in 2022, these countries are responsible for only a fraction of the global environmental degradation.

India and China are often thought of as among the world’s biggest polluters, ranking first and third in terms of greenhouse gas emissions in 2019, according to data from the World Resources Institute. However, these countries far eclipse other top polluters in terms of population size.

On a per-capita basis, the U.S. is the world’s worst carbon emitter, along with other rich countries like Russia, South Korea, and Japan. Additionally, taking into account the cumulative emissions over the past two centuries cements the U.S.’s place as the top environmental destroyer, followed closely by the European Union.

On average, a person in India or China – and more so in less developed nations such as Bangladesh or Thailand – is responsible for an exceedingly miniscule share of the climate crisis, but disproportionately suffers from its ravages. Meanwhile, despite their extractive and exploitative policies, rich countries have continued to ignore their US$ 100 billion climate funding pledge, which was originally meant to help lower-income nations shore up their adaptation and mitigation strategies for the climate crisis.

In fact, not only have wealthy countries turned back on their promise, according to international rights group Oxfam, they have even leveraged this funding as loans, taking advantage of poor countries that have no other choice but to take on more debt to keep their people safe.
August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

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