Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

Japan
The unraveling of a political crisis
Japan’s long-standing reputation as a high-performing democracy may have been dealt another severe blow – which in turn may have further fueled voter apathy –  with the latest development around the biggest corruption scandal to hit the country in three decades: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s move to replace four Cabinet members in a vow to cleanse his administration and arrest his sinking approval ratings.  

The political crisis currently gripping Japan unfolded soon after it was revealed that lawmakers had pocketed excess amounts received in fundraisers and poured millions of dollars of crowdsourced proceeds into slush funds.

On Dec. 19, investigators raided the offices of Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in relation to allegations that party leaders had appropriated at least 600 million yen (US$4.18 million) from a fundraising scheme. Two of the party's top executives, who have bowed out of the group amid the probe, belonged to a party faction formerly led by the late former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

This "once-in-a-generation political crisis" appears to be the latest test of democracy in a country dogged by voter apathy and a weak opposition. Voter disengagement has also frustrated previous attempts to weaken the LDP’s decades-long hold on power.

According to the Global State of Democracy Indices (GSoDI) data covering the period 2013-2022, Japan exhibited “high-range performance” across indicators except electoral participation, gender equality, judicial independence, and civil society participation.

The relatively low score on electoral participation dovetails with reports that voter turnout among Japanese youth has been low. In the 2022 Upper House elections, held just days after the murder of former prime minister Shinzo Abe on July 8, 2022, only 34 percent of 18- and 19-year-olds turned up at the polling booths.

This partly explains why Japan has been dubbed a "silver democracy," a crisis where the outsized influence of older generations on politics tends to cause younger voters to feel disengaged.

Today's political crisis in Japan could restart the factional in-fighting within LDP and weaken the political clout of Abe loyalists, according to an analysis by veteran political journalist Hiroshi Izumi. This, however, will do little to keep the youth from drifting further away from the ballots.
Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida attends a press conference during an EU-Japan summit, in Brussels, Belgium, on July 13, 2023. (Photo: Shutterstock / Alexandros Michailidis)
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Malaysia
Resolute solidarity with Gaza
Malaysia has banned all Israeli-flagged vessels from docking in its ports due to what it described as Israel’s violation of international law “through continuous massacres and atrocities against the Palestinians.”

Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim announced this move on Dec. 20, specifically mentioning an immediate ban on Israeli shipping giant ZIM, which until then had been permitted to dock in the Southeast Asian country since 2005.

Ships on their way to Israel will also be prohibited from docking in Malaysia, the government announced.

Anwar has consistently spoken against Israel’s bombardment of Gaza, which has killed more than 17,000 Palestinians as of early December. Around 60 percent of Malaysia’s population are Muslim and have been largely supportive of Palestinians even before the conflict escalated on Oct. 7 when Hamas militants stormed Tel Aviv.

Malaysia's two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict has strained its relations with the United States, with U.S. officials sending three diplomatic notes to the country over the issue. But Anwar, backed by his constituents who are vocal against Israel’s attacks on Gaza, remains adamant despite Western pressure to change his position “of refusing to recognize Hamas as a terrorist group.”

Some believe that Anwar’s stance could also be courting Malay Muslim voters to strengthen his newly formed coalition government. Since narrowly winning the November 2022 general elections, Anwar has had to deal with his fragile political coalition that barely snapped up the victory in the provincial elections in August.

Malaysia’s position is consistent with how Southeast Asian countries’ responses to the Israel-Palestine conflict appear to be shaped by domestic politics. Like Malaysia, other Muslim-majority countries in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam, have declared their solidarity with Palestine in its conflict with Israel.

Amid the individual positions taken by ASEAN’s member countries like Malaysia, the regional bloc has not taken a categorical position on the Gaza conflict. Directing its call to “all parties,” the ASEAN and Gulf leaders issued a statement in October condemning the attacks on civilians in Gaza while calling for a two-state solution to end the war.
Malaysians participate in a pro-Palestinian protest on Oct. 24, 2023 in the capital Kuala Lumpur. (Photo: Shutterstock / Alif Omar)
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India
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Parliamentary purge
India’s parliament was nearly emptied of the opposition after 141 lawmakers were suspended for questioning a recent security breach in Congress – an unprecedented move that rights groups believe is politically motivated and a symptom of a democracy in decline.

The lawmakers from the upper and lower houses – who described their suspension as an attack on democracy – had called for a parliamentary debate on the security breach on Dec. 13, when two men broke into the lower house and set off a smoke canister.

After the lawmakers expressed their intent to summon Prime Minister Narendra Modi and another minister to explain how the protesters were able to enter the building, the speakers of India's two chambers suspended the lawmakers and accused them of disrupting proceedings.

Most of the suspended lawmakers are part of a coalition seeking to usher in a new government that would unseat the ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) – to which Modi  belongs – in next year's elections.

Modi – who called the opposition lawmakers’ actions “abject theatrics,” according to a post by the Indian vice president on X – has been accused of weakening democratic institutions in India since he came to power in 2014.

In the past opposition lawmakers were also suspended for arbitrary reasons such as “unruly behavior,” or – in the case of Muslim MP Kunwar Danish Ali of the opposition Bahujan Samaj Party – subjected to Islamophobic remarks. Ruling party members have also railroaded the approval of several laws by bypassing due process.

Thus parliament has not been spared from accusations of having turned into a "notice board and a rubber stamp” for the BJP.

In the nine years Modi has been in office, India has become a “hybrid regime” or neither a full democracy nor a full autocracy due to the government’s widespread rights violations, especially of Muslim minorities, and the mass jailing of critics, among other actions believed to stifle dissent.

After the mass suspensions of opposition lawmakers, the opposition bloc has moved ahead with talks on the candidate they plan to field in the next elections against Modi, who could extend his stay in office for 15 more years with another win.
India’s parliament, whose members convene in the capital New Delhi, is facing a new test after 141 opposition lawmakers were suspended for allegedly disrupting proceedings. (Photo: Shutterstock / Arne Beruldsen)
Global/Regional
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Slammed anew for human rights abuses
Reacting to the European Parliament’s recent condemnation of the forced assimilation of children in Chinese boarding schools in Tibet, Chinese state media have slammed the resolution, saying it “brazenly spreads false information, wantonly smears China's image, and seriously interferes in China's internal affairs.”

The European Parliament’s resolution was approved on Dec. 14, months after independent United Nations (U.N.) human rights experts expressed alarm over the one million Tibetan children being forced to enroll in boarding schools with a curriculum centered around learning Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua).

The resolution specifically calls for the immediate abolishment of the schools and for the Chinese government to open Tibet's borders to independent observers to "refrain from spreading fake news."

Taking offense at the European community’s reaction to the schools, the Chinese government said in an editorial on Dec. 17 that the European Parliament had only used the issue as an excuse “to discredit the Chinese government.”

The Chinese government added that the resolution was built on mere hearsay from overseas "secessionists" bent on “smearing China” – an argument it commonly uses to deny its repression of Tibetans and other ethnic minorities.

In April, Chinese state media said the U.N.’s condemnation of labor rights abuses in Tibet was "unfounded" and based on false information from "anti-China forces" from the West. China has also repeatedly emphasized that its takeover of Tibet has resulted in massive economic gains and a modern education system for Tibetans.

The boarding schools are built on the back of China's overall repression of Tibetan minorities as part of Xi Jinping's broader push to unite all non-Chinese groups under a single Chinese identity.

A 2021 report by the U.S.-based Tibet Action Institute said the boarding schools were similar to the 19th and 20th-century era residential school systems implemented by the United States, Canada and Australia to force indigenous children to abandon their cultural identities.

China has rebuked the West for its alleged hypocrisy on human rights issues. With the defense of its boarding schools in Tibet, analysts believe that China is also following the same white supremacist colonial-era playbook used to repress the identity of ethnic minorities.
Young Tibetan monks stroll through a monastery in Shigatse City in Tibet, where citizens are complaining of being “Sinicinized” by China. (Photo: Shutterstock / Moroz Nataliya)
December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

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