Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

China
Mass jailing
China continues to hold the grim title of being the world’s worst jailer of journalists, according to a new report by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ).

The CPJ report, released on Jan. 18, noted that the Asian superpower leads the world in terms of having the most number of imprisoned journalists (44) for the sixth consecutive year, with Uyghurs, an ethnic minority group living mostly in the northwestern Chinese region of Muslim-majority Xinjiang, making up almost half of the journalists (19).

Closely tailing Beijing’s numbers were Myanmar (43) and Belarus (28) in Europe.

More broadly, CPJ said, Chinese authorities continue to use national security as a pretext to send journalists behind bars in connection to their work. At least three out of five new China cases in the New York-based group’s database involve reporters accused of espionage, inciting separatism, or subverting state power.

The figures highlighted how Beijing’s poor press freedom record was in step with its human rights record in Xinjiang and repression of Uyghurs as well as those who dare to report on their plight. Media repression in Xinjiang has become so severe that at present, there are “no Uyghur journalists in China today,” according to the United States-based Uyghur Human Rights Project.

Based on estimates, more than a million Uyghurs have been sentenced to prison since 2016 on  “trumped-up terrorism charges,” experts say. There are also widespread reports, backed by leaked documents and testimonies, of torture and ill-treatment within detention facilities and internment camps in Xinjiang.

While China claimed to have dismantled these camps in 2019, it also continues to actively promote a counter-narrative about Xinjiang, portraying the region as peaceful and prosperous and Uyghurs as “extremists” or “terrorists.”

China has also routinely punished Uyghurs for attempting to speak to foreign journalists about their sordid conditions under Chinese rule. As a response to international backlash, China has started organizing media tours to paint a rosier, pro-government image of Xinjiang.

Beyond Xinjiang, China has also kept up its aggressive crackdown on media workers in Hong Kong and Tibet, where Chinese authorities face similar accusations of media censorship and shrinking spaces for legitimate dissent.
China continues to rank as the world's worst jailer of journalists, with Uyghurs making up nearly half of those detained in Chinese jails. (Photo: Shutterstock / SkazovD)
Image is not available
Cambodia
Punishing knowledge
Civil society-led efforts to give farmers in Cambodia a stronger voice in the country’s contentious land grab issues have met a major stumbling block.

A Cambodian court has convicted four land rights activists over allegations that they tried to provoke a “peasant revolution" during educational discussions with farmers about land rights and agricultural laws.

While their five-year jail terms were suspended, the activists, Theng Savoeun, Nhel Pheap, Than Hach, and Chan Vibol, will be handed individual and detailed verdicts by the court later.

In his statement made after his Jan. 16 sentencing, which was quoted by CamboJA News, Savoeun, president of the farmers’ group Coalition of Cambodian Farmer Community (CCFC), that the decision was "unfair to all of us" as their group had "no purpose or intention to plot and incite, or cause serious social chaos.”

The activists were arrested in May 2023 for holding a workshop with farmers in Ratanakiri province, where they reportedly discussed land rights and the gap between the rich and poor.

The workshop was described by one court prosecutor as a “secret gathering which discussed political issues to cause incitement in farmers to rise up and cause turmoil in society,” according to an unofficial translation by CamboJA News.

Interior Ministry Spokesperson Khieu Sopheak claimed without evidence that the activists’ actions echoed the same revolutionary activities that caused millions of deaths under the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s.

This pronouncement drew criticism from activists and human rights groups, who stressed that discussing social issues is not equivalent to inciting rebellion.

This latest sentencing seemed to lend weight to criticisms that Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet was perpetuating the brand of anti-democratic, draconian governance that characterized his father and former Prime Minister Hun Sen’s administration.

According to Civicus, “repressive laws are routinely misused” in Cambodia against activists, including environmental defenders.

A group of activists from youth-led Mother Nature Cambodia were slapped with trumped-up charges after exposing destructive activities in the Southeast Asian country's protected areas.

In 2021, they were sentenced to jail for "causing social chaos" in connection with a planned demonstration calling for an end to the exploitation of Phnom Penh's Bueng Ta-mouk Lake.

They were later named among the recipients of the Rights Livelihood Award in 2023 for their environmental activism.
A woman in a rural village tends to her field of Cassava plants in Cambodia, where land rights activists have recently been sentenced to jail. (Photo: Shutterstock / Andy Soloman)
Image is not available
India
Image is not available
Choking dissent?
One of India’s most prominent think tanks has been banned from receiving foreign funding – a move that hammers the final nail to the coffin of the financial sustenance of a rare voice of dissent in the South Asian nation.

On Jan. 17, the Centre for Policy Research (CPR) confirmed that it had been stripped of its “foreign contribution license” by Indian authorities, which is required among non-government organizations in India to access foreign funds.

Indian authorities had already suspended CPR’s license nearly a year ago and, later, revoked its tax exemption status, and froze its bank accounts over allegations of tax irregularities. The decision to cancel CPR’s license altogether, according to the government, stemmed from CPR’s alleged numerous violations of the controversial Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, including its production of “current affairs programs” through its publication of its reports titled, ‘‘Overview on the Commission of Air Quality Management Act” and “Policy Challenges for the New Government.”

With the think tank unable to pay salaries due to loss of foreign funding, 83 members left the organization last year, placing its research activities in limbo.

The experts who have weighed in on the reports published by CPR are “rare dissenting voices … on sensitive political issues,” according to a report by the Agence France-Presse.

For instance, in 2019, the think tank published a report on the pitfalls of the controversial Citizenship Amendment Act, which the Modi government defended despite concerns it may lead to the othering of Muslims.

From 2019 to 2021, at least 1,800 organizations lost their license to receive foreign funding, including rights watchdog Amnesty International, environmental organization Greenpeace and other Indian civil rights organizations like Lawyers Collective, Sabrang Trust, and Anhad.

Aakar Patel, chair of the board of Amnesty International in India, said the grounds for revoking an organization’s license are difficult to pin down as Indian authorities often provide vague reasons, like accusations of “bringing disrepute to public institutions” or “working against public or national interest.”

While the law itself on foreign contributions was introduced in 1976, observers note that it was Modi's election to power in 2014 that worsened the government’s meddling with nonprofits' finances. In 2020, the Indian parliament swiftly passed amendments to the law that added intrusive government oversight powers, among others.
India’s Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act has been used as a powerful tool against target civil society groups such as the Centre for Policy Research whose work appears to have drawn the ire of the government. (Photo: Shutterstock / Venkatesh Selvarajan)
Global/Regional
Image is not available
Dilemmas of institutionalized care
Over 450,000 children in Central Asia and Europe have been institutionalized in residential care facilities, according to a recent UNICEF report, “Pathways to Better Protection.”

The report says institutionalization and family separation have well-documented impacts on children’s well-being.

While the number of children in the alternative care system (consisting of residential institutions and family-based care) has declined since the last time UNICEF released a similar report in 2010, the international body said progress has slowed in most countries since 2015.

The practice of placing children in residential care facilities – such as orphanages and foster care settings – has long drawn concern from children's rights advocates due to its detrimental effects on their overall development. Institutionalized children are at a high risk of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and they are often stigmatized and discriminated against, making it difficult for them to access education, employment, and other opportunities.

The challenge may be greater for children with disabilities, who are more likely to be placed in such facilities. According to the latest UNICEF report, they make up between 4 and 87 percent of those receiving institutional care.

The U.N. agency recommends that displaced children be placed instead in family-based care, which includes kinship care and foster care to reduce the risk of exposure to physical, emotional and social harm.

There is also evidence that children placed in foster or kinship care are vulnerable to forced labor, according to the 2016 study. The report cited the example of Cambodia, where some NGOs only place children into foster families in pairs because wealthy families would often turn fostered children into servants.

In situations where the only option left for orphaned or unsupervised children is to place them in institutions like orphanages, the provision of care and food is a huge challenge. In a conflict-torn country like Afghanistan, which is reeling from an economic crisis, decades of conflict and instability have left many children orphaned or separated from their families, increasing the demand for institutional care.

In countries, however, that have implemented deinstitutionalization policies and programs for children, more children have been placed in formal family-based care, resulting in fewer children in residential care, according to UNICEF.
A widow sits beside her children in Afghanistani capital Kabul, where most orphanages have closed down since the Taliban takeover in 2021. (Photo: Shutterstock / Waheedullah Jahesh)
January 22, 2024
January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the historic win of a pro-independence leader in Taiwan, the use of deepfake technology to bolster Indonesian politicians’ electoral campaigns, the outcome of Bhutan’s fourth-ever free elections, and the transactional diplomacy emboldening rights abuses of governments in Asia.

January 8, 2024
January 8, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of the stabbing of a leading opposition leader in South Korea, another political prisoner dying under the rule of the Myanmar junta, Afghanistan’s worst crackdown on women since returning to power, and the upcoming elections in South Asia.

January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Tibetans forced to commemorate the birth anniversary of People’s Republic of China founder Mao Zedong, Singapore’s review of a contentious HIV disclosure law, a fatal mass demonstration in Nepal, and new victims of the globally notorious Pegasus spyware.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

previous arrow
next arrow