Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

Japan
A pacifist nation put to the test
Within hours after the Palestinian militant group unleashed a deadly attack against Israel last Oct. 4, all but one Group of Seven (G7) governments immediately expressed that Israel had a “right to defend itself.”

The lone outlier was its own chair, Japan, who also sat out of a joint statement issued last Oct. 7 by France’s President Emmanuel Macron, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, Britain’s Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, and U.S. President Joe Biden, condemning the “terrorist actions of Hamas.”

Asked why Japan did not sign the document, its chief cabinet secretary, Hirokazu Matsuno cited Tokyo’s “desire to maintain flexibility in its approach, while actively working behind the scenes to mediate and exert influence on both Palestine and Israel.”

Canada likewise abstained from the joint statement. But so far, Japan has been the only G7 country that has actively advocated for de-escalation of violence in the Palestinian-occupied Gaza Strip, where the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) is now feared to launch a scorched-earth ground offensive in retaliation to the attacks.

Still, analysts believe that the ongoing conflict is testing Japan’s Israel-Palestine policy, over which it has been advocating for a two-state solution that envisions a Palestinian nation coexisting with Israel. It’s also one of Palestine’s biggest humanitarian funders, having channeled US$2.3 billion in aid to the Arab state over the last decade.

Japan’s Middle East policy dates back to 1973 when the government released the Nikaido Statement under then Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, declaring its recognition of the legitimacy of the Palestinian State and urging restraint from Israel.

In response, Israel’s ambassador to Japan challenged his host country to see whether its aid has been used to fund Hamas’ attacks on Israel.
The world’s seven largest democracies, collectively known as the Group of Seven (G7), count among its members the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Italy, Japan and France. (Photo: Shutterstock / justit)
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Philippines
Losing more than just a holiday
When Ferdinand Marcos Jr. assumed the Philippine presidency in 2022, many feared that he might use his office to erase the truths about the human rights abuses and widespread plunder committed during his father’s 14-year (1972 to 1986) one-man rule.

On Oct. 14, those fears came to a head when it was announced that Marcos had dropped  Feb. 25  — the anniversary of the 1986 People Power Revolution that ousted the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr. from power — from the list of 2024 national holidays. Indignant activists and survivors of his father’s martial rule accused Marcos Jr. of whitewashing his family’s bloody legacy.

The Malacanang Presidential Palace explained that Feb. 25 falls on a Sunday. Yet the same list of 2024 holidays includes Dec. 8, Sunday, the feast of the Immaculate Conception.

"This is but another attempt by the Marcos administration to push for the institutionalized 'forgetting' of his father's dictatorship," said martial law survivor Judy Taguiwalo, who leads a group of fellow survivors called the Campaign Against the Return of the Marcoses in Malacanang (Carmma).

The removal of the EDSA holiday, which marked the restoration of democracy in the country, is but the latest in a series of state policies undermining martial law’s place in Philippine history under the current Marcos regime.

In September, the Department of Education (DepEd) helmed by Marcos ally, Vice President Sara Duterte signed a memorandum erasing "Marcos" from the "Diktaduryang Marcos" nomenclature in the social studies curriculum for Grade 6 students, thus downplaying the significance of teaching martial law in schools.

Another administration ally, Senator Robin Padilla, has filed a bill proposing to declare Sept. 21, the anniversary of the declaration of martial law in the country, as Unsung Heroes’ Day instead, purportedly to honor state forces and civilians who, he claimed, helped prevent the country from becoming a communist state.

Under martial law, armed forces were directed to stifle any act of rebellion, resulting in massive human rights abuses, including torture, enforced disappearances, and killings.

Project Gunita, an organization dedicated to archiving martial law books and documents, expressed concern that the Marcos administration could next strike off Aug. 21, the anniversary of the assassination of staunch Marcos critic and democracy icon Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.
The People Power Monument, which stands on the historic Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, popularly known as EDSA, represents the democratic aspirations of millions of Filipinos who staged a bloodless revolt against the dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr. in February 1986. (Photo: Shutterstock / at.ma)
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Bangladesh
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A rare victory for activists
Two prominent Bangladeshi activists walked out of jail on bail this week, following international condemnation — including from the United States — over their conviction over charges of publishing false information.

On Oct. 10, High Court Judge Emdadul Hoque Azad granted bail to human rights group Odhikar secretary Adilur Rahman Khan and director Nasiruddin Elan, nearly a month after they were sentenced by the Dhaka Cyber Tribunal to two years in jail over Odhikar’s supposedly “distorted report” on the May 5-6, 2013 police action on a Hefajat-e-Islam rally in Dhaka’s Motijheel that led to 61 people dead.

Both were charged under Section 57 of the 2006 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Act, which rights groups had flagged for its overbreadth and abuse. A 2018 report by Human Rights Watch noted that scores of citizens were arrested over charges of violating the ICT Act simply for voicing criticism of the government.

When the ICT Act was replaced with the Digital Security Act (DSA) in 2018, the government repealed Section 57, but all its other provisions were included in the DSA, including the criminalization of defamation.

Since the DSA was enacted, Parliament member Pir Fazlur Rahman of the minority Jatiya Party noted that 27% of the cases filed under the law were against journalists. In most of them, the plaintiffs were leaders and workers of the ruling party.

Later, its new replacement, the 2023 Cyber Security Act, is said to be just as repressive as it retains many of the draconian provisions of the DSA. Among others, the new law empowers police to enter and search homes and to seize computer networks without a warrant.

On Sept. 14, the U.S. Embassy in Dhaka issued a statement noting that the Bangladeshi government “did not give stakeholders adequate opportunity to review and provide input to the new law to ensure it meets international standards,” noting that the CSA Act “continues to criminalize freedom of expression, retains non-bailable offenses, and too easily could be misused to arrest, detain, and silence critics.”

Against this backdrop, it did not come as a surprise when last September, international civil society watchdog CIVICUS Monitor rated Bangladesh's civic space as “repressed,” the second lowest rating a country can get in the index.

A separate July 22 report by the Center for Governance Studies in Bangladesh also reported that three in five rights activists in the country felt “unsafe” or “very unsafe” in their work.
Activists of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party call for democracy during the Sept. 1, 2023 protests marking the 45th founding anniversary of the opposition party. (Photo: Shutterstock / Mamunur Rashid)
Global/Regional
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Unwelcome seats for human rights
After China and Indonesia won seats in the powerful 15-member U.N. Human Rights Council (UNHRC), they continue to face resistance from activists who say they are not fit for the world’s highest rights body.

Both countries were among the four Asian nations elected in a secret ballot last Oct. 10, and which willl fill the four seats allotted for the Asia-Pacific bloc. Indonesia got the highest votes in the bloc with 186, followed by Kuwait (183), Japan (175), and China (154).

Last week, rights groups campaigned to deny China’s and Russia’s bids for a seat each in the council, where there are fears they will use their influence against efforts to investigate current human rights abuses in their territories. The campaign did get a partial victory after Russia failed to win one of the two Eastern Europe seats, getting the lowest votes out of all the candidates (83).

But because the Asia-Pacific bloc is uncontested, China sailed through an easy win despite its well-documented human rights abuses against Tibetans, Muslim Uyghurs, and Hong Kong dissidents.

Specifically, Tibet rights activists called China’s reelection an “undeserved reward for repression” that undermines the council’s credibility and core values.

Even Indonesia, which is currently facing criticism over its crackdown on dissent and free speech, was not spared the flak. Under President Joko Widodo’s watch alone, Indonesia has seen at least 72 people killed in extrajudicial executions by Indonesian police and military from December 2021 to November 2022, according to local rights group KontraS.

Just last Oct. 7, police shot dead a villager and injured two others who were part of a protest against an oil palm plantation company in Borneo that had yet to comply with its obligation to allocate land to the community.

Widodo’s administration has also been accused of quashing independence efforts in West Papua, which Indonesia invaded in the 1960s. Rights groups estimate that hundreds of West Papuan political prisoners are currently in jail, with many serving long prison terms simply for peacefully protesting against Indonesian rule.

Also last week, Indonesia was asked to explain why state-owned weapons makers have been supplying arms to the Myanmar military, which has been ruling the Southeast Asian country after staging a coup to depose its civilian government in 2021.
Dennis Francis, president of the 78th U.N. General Assembly, speaks before the Oct. 10 voting on the members of the U.N. Human Rights Council by the General Assembly. (Photo: Shutterstock / lev radin)
October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

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