Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

India
State-sponsored communal violence
Dubbed the world's largest democracy, India continues to stoke anti-Muslim fears against its largest minority population, which suffers the brunt of discrimination and hatred.

A new study by rights group Hindutva Watch shows an average of one case of hate speech/crime was committed against Muslims every day during the first six months of 2023.

Hindutva Watch recorded at least 255 instances of anti-Muslim hate speech in gatherings and rallies across 17 Indian states, including the capital Delhi territory and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Of these, nearly three-fifths of all cases occurred in states that were scheduled to hold legislative elections in 2023 and 2024, suggesting that these events were used to incite anti-Muslim voters.

Most alarmingly, at least one-third of these events included “direct calls to violence” against Muslims, including incitements to ethnic cleansing and genocide of Muslims, and calls to destroy Muslim places of worship, the report said.

But “rather than combating hate speech,” the report noted, “government officials have frequently engaged in it themselves.”

Just weeks before the G-20 summit in India last August, violence broke out following a religious procession in the Muslim-dominated town of Nuh, located in the northern state of Harayana. This “exposed the deep communal fissures in India,” reports CNN.

The worsening Islamophobia in India is fueled in large part by the rise of Hindu nationalism or the belief that Hindus are the “true sons of the soil.” Since Modi came to power in 2014, the ruling BJP has pushed a Hindu nationalist agenda, and has done little to act on violence and hatred leveled against the country’s Muslim population.
PHOTO: A group of Muslim men in the Indian capital New Delhi offer ‘namaz’ (prayers) to mark the end of the Holy month of Ramadan on May 3, 2022. (Photo: Shutterstock / SUDHANSHU KESARWANI)
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Philippines
Preying on children
Harrowing tales of a Philippine religious cult allegedly preying on children have not only caught the attention of the Senate, which ordered a legislative probe, but also revived debates about child marriage, which is prevalent in the country.

Socorro Bayanihan Services Inc., which operates in a mountainous village in Socorro town, located in the southern province of Surigao del Norte, has been accused of child abuse, other human rights abuses, and illicit activities, based on testimonies from former members.

The Senate investigations last week revealed that the 3,500-strong organization included 1,587 children, who were reportedly subjected to sexual violence, child abuse, forced marriage, and other crimes against children. Some child escapees have detailed being forced to marry at the age of 13. At least 800 children were barred from going to school while at least 1,000 families were dispossessed of their lands and homes to join the cult.

While the country sets the legal age of marriage at 18, early marriage prevails in certain communities, where religions and traditions allow this practice.

A law banning child marriage was enacted in January 2022, but it took almost a year before it came into force, following the signing of the implementing rules and regulations.

The Center for Reproductive Rights said child marriage “triggers a continuum of human rights violations that continue throughout a person’s life.”

A study by the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2020 estimates that one out of six Filipinas are married before they are 18, leaving them increasingly vulnerable to early pregnancy, childbirth and maternal mortality; sexual violence and being denied the right to education.

As of December 2022 international non-profit Girls Not Brides said the Philippines ranked 10th globally in terms of the number of girls who have ended up in early or child marriage.

Save The Children, an international children’s organization, has called on the government to fully implement laws on the eradication of violence against children in the Philippines, including those raising the age of sexual consent and criminalizing child marriage.
PHOTO: Girls in the Philippines remain at risk of early and forced marriages despite the passage of a law outlawing the practice that undermines child rights. (Photo: Shutterstock / Rey Borlaza)
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South Korea
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Letting hope rain from the sky
Sending anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets to North Korea may be a small victory in achieving peace and genuine freedom in one of the most oppressive countries in the world. Yet for defectors and human rights defenders, it’s a significant step.

A law criminalizing the sending of anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets to North Korea has been struck down by South Korea’s constitutional court for being an ‘excessive restriction” on free speech.

In a 7-2 vote, the court said the law was an unwarranted restriction on free speech and “mobilizes the state power of punishment when that should be a last resort,” according to AP News.

The ruling was issued on Sept. 26, just three days after Seoul hosted the 20th annual North Korea Freedom Week (NKFW), held on Sept. 17-23. The U.S.-based North Korea Freedom Coalition, along with North Korean defector organizations, declared NKFW in April 2004.

The law, which imposes a fine of 30 million won ($22,000) or a prison term of up to three years for violations, was passed in December 2020 during the administration of then president Moon Jae-in, which sought to establish friendly ties with Pyongyang. Critics, including North Korean defector-turned activist Park Sang-hak, who contested the law before the court, said the enactment of the law was akin to aiding Kim Jong-un’s totalitarian regime “at North Korea’s behest.”

During the NKFW commemoration this year, activists launched balloons into the inter-Korean border, which carried “200,000 leaflets, 1,000 USB drives and 200 booklets” detailing South Korea’s dramatic economic transformation, Park said.

“The dissemination of fact and truth is the most important mission and duty for DPRK defectors,” Park said in an NKNews report. “We will continue to send more information to North Korea for the human rights and freedom of its people.”

The launching comes amid reports of worsening conditions in Pyongyang, including allegations that North Korea, officially called Democratic People's Republic of Korea, was diverting much needed resources to build up its ballistic missile programs. Its human rights record is often described as one of the worst in the world, ranking fifth worst in the 2023 Freedom in the World Report.

Even so, Seoul continues to aspire for inter-Korean engagement to achieve genuine peace in the peninsula, which has been under an armistice agreement since the end of the Korean War in 1953. Earlier this month, Seoul’s new unification minister, Kim Yung-ho, revealed that his office was preparing a “roadmap aimed at improving North Korea’s human rights situation.”
PHOTO: Citizens under the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, also known as North Korea, are under the tight watch of the dynastic totalitarian regime under its supreme leader Kim Jong-un, who faces allegations of widespread human rights abuses. (Photo: Shutterstock / LMspencer)
Global
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Perils of defending human rights
Even the United Nations is not necessarily a safe place for human rights defenders.

In his recently released report on reprisals, U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres named 40 countries across the world where human rights defenders faced threats and retaliation from the state for cooperating with the U.N. on human rights work.

The report, “Cooperation with the United Nations, its representatives and mechanisms in the field of human rights,” noted that over 220 people and 25 organizations from these countries faced increased risk of surveillance, legal proceedings, travel bans and threats, for working with the U.N. and its mechanisms.

Among the Asian countries named in the report that are making it harder for human rights defenders to work are China, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

According to the report –  which covers the period May 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023 – more human rights defenders are experiencing increased surveillance by alleged state actors. It also noted a growing trend where defenders have opted not to cooperate with the U.N. for fear of reprisal.

The International Service for Human Rights says “human rights defenders are people who are making the world a better and fairer place by promoting and protecting human rights.”

“Unfortunately, in some countries, the government or powerful corporate interests harass or try to discredit people who defend human rights and lock them out of public discussions and silence their voices.”

The Global Analysis 2022 report of Frontline Defenders, released last April, says 401 human rights defenders were killed in 26 countries last year. Because they chose to speak out against injustice, “they paid for it with their lives,” says the report.

Some states leery of dissent and which are being called out for their repressive policies have criminalized human rights defenders including those who work for international organizations like the U.N.

Almost 45 percent of the countries named in Guterres’s report — including those in Asia — ”continued to apply or enact new laws and regulations concerning civil society, counterterrorism and national security, which punish, deter or hinder cooperation with the U.N. and its human rights mechanisms.”

“These legislative frameworks represent severe obstacles to long-standing human rights partners of the U.N. worldwide, and were used to outlaw some of them, raid their offices, and question, threaten or try their staff,” the organization said.

“We have a duty to those who put their trust in us,” said assistant secretary general for human rights Brands Kehris. “That is why at the U.N., we are determined to live up to our collective responsibility to prevent and address intimidation and reprisals against those who cooperate with the organization and its human rights mechanisms.”
PHOTO: The Human Rights and Alliance of Civilizations Room in the U.N. headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, where the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) often convenes. (Photo: Shutterstock / Peter Stein)
October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

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