Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

Read below for more.

Thailand
Stalling the progressive sweep
The progressive wave washing over Thailand met an unyielding, royalist seawall last week.

Pita Limjaroenrat, the charismatic 42-year-old head of the progressive Move Forward Party (MFP), was suspended from Parliament amid ongoing discussions regarding his candidacy as Thailand’s Prime Minister. During the session, the country’s Constitutional Court confirmed that it would push through with a case against Pita for owning shares in a media company – even though the TV station in question had not been operational since 2007.

This news comes after Pita failed to secure a simple majority in a parliamentary session earlier this month, despite being the lone candidate for the prime ministerial post. He won only 324 votes in a chamber dominated by royalist, militarist, and pro-establishment lawmakers, falling far below the 375 votes he needed. In total, 182 members voted against him while 199 abstained.

Activists and progressive groups rose up in response to the initial vote that Pita lost, writing letters to senators and Members of Parliament urging them to respect the results of the recent elections and approve Pita as Thailand’s new Prime Minister.

Protesters did so again after last week’s session, holding public demonstrations at the gates of the parliamentary building and at the Bangkok Democracy Monument. “Why even ask people to go to the polls?” one protester, who refused to be named, said.

Pita found himself the de facto face of Thailand’s progressive push in May this year, when his progressive MFP, along with the populist Pheu Thai Party, trounced all military-backed political parties in a landslide electoral victory.

The progressive poll win is a representation of the bubbling discontent and frustration among the Thai urban youth regarding the outsize influence, power, and privilege that the country’s royalty wield. In 2020, despite overly harsh and punitive COVID-19 lockdowns, youth-led protests flooded the streets of Thailand, calling for various reforms, including in how the government handled the pandemic and how it dealt with criticism.
Image is not available
Japan
Endless tide of hate
During the most recent round G7 summit, which was held in Hiroshima, activists and rights groups called on the Japanese government to ramp up its efforts in adopting strong anti-discrimination legislation to protect the LGBTQ community.

After all, Japan does not have laws that explicitly disallow hate and discrimination against the LGBTQ community – and is the only G7 country that still has not legalized same-sex marriage, said Kanae Doi, Japan director, Human Rights Watch, as reported by Japan Times at the time.

In June 2023, the Northeast Asian country heeded these calls and passed a bill that was designed to foster a better understanding of the LGBTQ community. While a step in the right direction, critics say that the new law has been severely watered down and does not actually provide human rights guarantees to sexual minorities. Some of its stipulations may even have entrenched bigotry, some activists say.

And indeed, in the months since the law was signed, transphobic rhetoric and hateful disinformation has inundated the Japanese cyberspace, according to an AFP report last week.

In particular, more and more posts have linked transgender women to sexual violence, painting them and the entire community as opportunistic sex offenders who only want a free pass into women’s spaces. In response to the law’s passage, one poster wrote on Twitter: “If I were a pervert, I would roam around (in a locker room) exposing my penis — I’d be forgiven because I’m a ‘woman at heart,’ right?”

This recent spike in transphobia, however, is nothing new. Still largely conservative, Japan has always struggled – sometimes in violent and repressive ways – with coming to grips with the LGBTQ community. In 2021, for example, as the national legislative body was deliberating on an anti-discrimination law, an adviser to the ruling Liberal Democratic Party gave a talk entitled “LGBT out of control.”

A few weeks later, some LDP members publicly opposed such a law, saying that “LGBT goes against the preservation of the species.”
Image is not available
Bangladesh
Image is not available
Undoing an economic miracle
Bangladesh’s economic woes continue to spiral out of control.

Last week, the country’s Economic Relations Division (ERD) estimates that next year, Bangladesh will lose US$1.5 billion more in net financing from international sources. The deficit will decline even further to US$2 billion in the following year.

According to ERD data, in fiscal year 2024, Bangladesh will owe more than US$1 billion in interest payments alone on its foreign debt. This year, taking into account its principal loan, the country is already US$3.6 billion deep in payables to international debtors.

Bangladesh was once a miracle case. According to the World Bank, the country clawed its way up from being one of the poorest nations in 1971 to achieve lower-middle income status in 2015. By 2026, Bangladesh is expected to leave the U.N.’s roster of Least Developed Countries. As the country’s economy improved, so did its poverty rate recede, dropping from 41.9 percent in 1991 to just 13.5 percent in 2016.

The International Monetary Fund even projected Bangladesh’s Gross Domestic Product by 2025 to surpass Hong Kong and Singapore, both of which are well established as advanced Asian economies.

But then COVID-19 hit. Harsh lockdowns and a massive global economic meltdown gutted Bangladesh’s ready-made garment industry, which formed the bedrock of its economy.

Millions of people were left jobless and hungry – and desperate. In desperation, many children were forced into labor just to help their families make ends meet. Often, this exposed minors to dangerous working environments that could leave them severely injured, maimed, or even dead.

According to Bangladesh’s Bureau of Statistics, nearly 80,000 children aged 5 to 17 years have become part of the workforce over the past nine years, most of whom lived in rural areas and were left with no choice by the pandemic.

With the country’s reserves shrinking and foreign financing receding, will Bangladesh be able to turn its economic tide around?
Global/Regional
Denouncing Cambodia's sham election
The reported massive landslide victory of Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Cambodian People’s Party (CPP), which bested 17 other political parties, during the country’s recent general elections was not at all surprising.

But critics still cast doubt on these results, especially as years of ruthless crackdown against opposition parties left the CPP as the only dominant political player in the country. Earlier this year, the National Election Commission also refused the registration of the Candlelight Party – supposedly the only opposition group with a chance of winning against the CPP – due to ostensibly administrative reasons.

In response to this disqualification, the ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights (APHR), a network of pro-democracy parliamentarians, wrote last week to the U.S., Canada, Australia and other powerful countries, asking their governments to “deny legitimacy” to Cambodia’s election results.

“By taking legislative action, through a bill or resolution, condemning the human rights abuses of Hun Sen’s regime, you would join the global community in standing up for democracy and human rights, sending a clear message to the Cambodian government that its actions are unacceptable and will not be tolerated,” the APHR wrote.

Hun Sen became Cambodia’s Prime Minster in 1985 and has since refused to relinquish power. He almost fell out of power in 1993, when Norodom Ranariddh of the FUNCINPEC Party slightly edged him out, but the CPP forced their way into a precarious coalition government, with Hun Sen and Norodom Ranariddh sharing the prime ministerial role.

Ultimately, in 1997, Hun Sen was able to knock Norodom Ranariddh out of power and the CPP has claimed victory in all elections that followed. At 38 years in power, Hun Sen is the longest-serving Prime Minster in Cambodia’s history.

Hun Sen’s rule has been marked by the rapid shrinking of civic spaces and widespread repression of democratic norms and human rights. This year alone, Hun Sen shut down Voice of Democracy, one of the last remaining independent media outfits in the country, and sentenced lead opposition Kem Sokha to 27 years of house arrest.

In the weeks leading up to the latest election, Hun Sen has also threatened legal action – and even physical violence – against opposition parties who would seek to discredit his party’s then-impending electoral victory.
PHOTO: Election tarpaulin for the Cambodian People’s Party in Siem Reap Province. The CPP ran virtually unopposed in the most recent general elections after years of intimidation and strong-arming other political parties into irrelevance. The only opposition group that ever stood a chance, the Candlelight Party, was denied registration into the ballots.
July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

previous arrow
next arrow