Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

February 19, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the arrest of a Tibetan monk over a photo of the Dalai Lama, Myanmar’s mandatory military service for young people, Afghanistan’s collapsing health care system, and the retraction of papers by Chinese researchers over human rights concerns.

Tibet
A portrait of Chinese injustice
Chinese authorities arrested a Tibetan monk in July 2023 after they found a photo of the Dalai Lama on his mobile phone – the latest in a series of repressive actions taken by China to clamp down on all those perceived to be loyal to the exiled spiritual leader.

Tenzin Khenrap, a 29-year-old monk, was charged not only with having a portrait of the exiled Tibetan leader on his phone but also e-books published outside Tibet, two sources inside Tibet recently told Radio Free Asia (RFA).

Khenrap’s health status and whereabouts remain unknown after authorities reportedly revoked all his access to social media and other means of communication.

Under Chinese law, possessing a photograph of the Dalai Lama or maintaining contact with Tibetans abroad is deemed an act of separatism punishable by law.

This totalitarian policy stems from Beijing's framing of the Dalai Lama as a symbol of separatism, dating back to his forced exile to India in 1959 after the Chinese military’s brutal suppression of the Tibetan pro-independence uprising.

Since then, Tibetans have been banned from displaying the Dalai Lama’s photo at home or in public. Publicly commemorating his birthday and sharing his teachings are also punishable acts.

Chinese authorities use repressive measures to stifle any expressions of loyalty to the Dalai Lama, often making an example of Tibetan monks found to be in possession of photos and text related to the Dalai Lama through arbitrary arrests aided by strict temple surveillance.

Khenrap was known to have written about and closely followed developments related to Tibetans’ struggle for independence from Chinese control, according to the RFA report.

In 2022, two Tibetan monks were sentenced to three years of jail time after they were charged with "separatist acts" for possessing photos of the Dalai Lama, with several raising doubts over the fairness of the trial.

International watchdog Freedom House – which ranked Tibet as the least free country in the world in 2023 – has noted that Chinese authorities go to extreme lengths to eliminate Tibetan culture amid a sinicization campaign while imposing the dominant Han Chinese culture on Tibetan society.

An undetermined number of Tibetan cultural, religious, and intellectual figures, such as monks, writers, and scholars have been imprisoned as part of this campaign, said Freedom House.
Monks walk out of a monastery in Tibet, where keeping photos of the Dalai Lama is a crime. (Photo: Shutterstock / Hung Chung Chih)
Image is not available
Myanmar
Final straw
The Myanmar military junta appears to be looking to recoup its losses from several failed encounters with armed resistance forces by subjecting its young people to compulsory military service.

On Feb. 14, the Myanmar military government announced that it would draft some 60,000 young men and women (men aged 18 to 35 and women aged 18 to 27) who will render at least two years of military service, with the possibility of an extension to five years. This new measure, which is expected to be implemented in April, is enforced through a newly activated conscription law that has not been implemented since its passage in 2010. Those who violate its terms face jail time of up to five years.

Days after the announcement, many of Myanmar's young people who do not want to render "national defense duties," as the junta spokesperson put it, have been leaving in droves to seek refuge in neighboring Thailand, while others have flocked to the Thailand embassy in Myanmar to apply for a visa.

Myanmar citizens entering Thailand through the land border are required to secure a tourist visa while visa-free air travel is only up to 14 days.

Young people in Myanmar are already impacted by the flailing economy and poor job market spawned by the political crisis in the country. The conscription law is believed to be the final nail in the coffin for many who are deeply concerned about their future under junta rule.

While the exact size of the Myanmar military is unknown, estimates by the CIA World Factbook in 2023 peg their losses from defections, desertions, and fighting pro-democracy and ethnic resistance groups to be about 21,000, which leaves them with 150,000 personnel.

Observers believe that the Myanmar military has been stretched to capacity following the series of coordinated offenses launched by ethnic minority insurgent groups and pro-democracy fighters, which emerged after the military overthrew the democratically elected government in February 2021.

The junta’s leader, General Min Aung Hlaing, is also slowly losing confidence even among pro-military groups, who are now calling on him to save face and resign.
People take to the streets on Feb. 20, 2021 to protest the military coup in Myanmar, where a recently activated law will require young people to render military service for at least two years. (Photo: Shutterstock / R. Bociaga)
Image is not available
Afghanistan
Image is not available
Crippling a healthcare system
A new report by Human Rights Watch paints a grim picture of Afghanistan's healthcare system, revealing significant deterioration since the Taliban takeover in August 2021.

In its Feb. 12 report looking into Afghanistan’s worsening health crisis, HRW found that drastic cuts in foreign aid, spurred by economic instability and Taliban policies impacting women's and girls' rights, have left the system struggling, leading to increased malnutrition and poor access to medical care.

Based on interviews with foreign aid officials, healthcare workers, and people seeking health care, HRW found that donors’ decision to withdraw their financial support following the regime change in 2021 has led to a “catastrophic health crisis” in the South Asian country.

As expected, it has disproportionately affected women and girls, who are already bearing the brunt of the Taliban’s draconian policies limiting their movement in work, school, and public spaces.

Citing the Médecins Sans Frontières, an international organization that provides medical assistance during conflicts, the HRW report said that girls make up around 55 percent of admissions for its outpatient and inpatient therapeutic feeding programs, with mortality almost 90 percent higher for girls than for boys.

This echoed an earlier report by the International Crisis Group, which in February 2023 warned that about 11.6 million women and girls – who often receive the smallest share of food in families – would be severely impacted by aid cuts.

Afghanistan’s healthcare system has, for the past two decades, mostly depended on the financial support of foreign donors coursed through programs by non-government and international organizations operating in Afghanistan.

One such healthcare program affected by the withdrawal of foreign aid is the Sehatmandi program run by the World Health Organization (WHO), which operates 64 percent of all public health facilities in Afghanistan and is regarded as the “backbone” of the country’s health services.

Following the loss of donor support for the Sehatmandi program, WHO in 2022 sounded an alarm for alternative means of funding after several of its health centers ran out of supplies and halted operations.

The next year, WHO again issued an alert urging “ramped up investment in healthcare services in Afghanistan,” warning that 8 million people risked losing access to essential health assistance.
An Afghan child wanders around a refugee camp set up outside the capital Kabul on Aug. 1, 2021, shortly after the Taliban takeover plunged Afghanistan into a deeper humanitarian crisis. (Photo: Shutterstock / Trent Inness)
Global/Regional
Image is not available
Mass research takedowns
A genetics journal by a leading American scientific publisher has retracted 18 papers from China, marking what is believed to be the largest mass retraction of academic research due to human rights concerns.

The articles in question were published in Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine (MGGM), a journal under the US academic publishing company Wiley.

The retractions followed a comprehensive review process spanning over two years, during which investigators identified "inconsistencies" between the research and the proof of consent provided by the researchers. The studies, conducted by various scientists, relied on DNA samples obtained from members of minority groups in China recognized as vulnerable to exploitation and oppression.

One of the retracted papers focused on analyzing the DNA of Tibetans using blood samples from 120 individuals. Despite claiming that all participants provided written informed consent and that the research was approved by the Fudan University ethics committee, an ethical review revealed discrepancies in the consent documentation.

Several co-authors of the Tibet study also had links to public security authorities in China, as well as Tibetan public security authorities, who are known to exercise extreme control over the actions of Tibetans whether in public or private.

Another retracted study involved the analysis of blood samples from 340 Uyghur individuals in Xinjiang. This research aimed to explore genetic links among the Muslim minority group for forensic identification and paternity testing.

Overall, of the nearly 100 papers with ethical concerns that were flagged by Belgian bioethicist Yves Moreau, 60 percent have at least one co-author who works for a law enforcement entity or a public security bureau.

Moreau, who has been on a years-long crusade to flag research relying on Uyghur DNA, said that the issue is not just about consent but also a matter of "retracting and not publishing research clearly linked to serious harm.”

These latest retractions add to China’s already dismal record of having the world’s highest retraction rate – more than 20 per 10,000 articles. In 2021, the International Journal of Legal Medicine and Human Genetics also retracted at least three papers that used DNA samples of Uyghurs after concerns over “ethics and consent procedures” and whether or not Chinese researchers truly obtained Uyghurs’ free and informed consent.
A prominent scientific journal in the United States has retracted 18 papers from China, making it the biggest mass retraction of academic research due to human rights concerns in history. (Photo: Shutterstock / PolyPloiid)
February 19, 2024
February 19, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the arrest of a Tibetan monk over a photo of the Dalai Lama, Myanmar’s mandatory military service for young people, Afghanistan’s collapsing health care system, and the retraction of papers by Chinese researchers over human rights concerns.

February 12, 2024
February 12, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the illegal use of restraint on women inmates in Japan, Singapore's new law allowing “dangerous” offenders to be kept in prison indefinitely, violence and allegations of vote-rigging in Pakistan, and unrest among exploited North Korean workers in China.

February 5, 2024
February 5, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s urgent need to step up its mental health support services amid the rise in suicides, a major setback in the royal insult law reform campaign in Thailand, the public identification of alleged rights violators among civil servants in Nepal, and police abuses against Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.

January 29, 2024
January 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the overturned acquittal of a pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, Vietnam’s denial of its human rights abuses, Sri Lanka’s new bill regulating online speech and greater international scrutiny of China’s actions in Tibet.

January 22, 2024
January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the historic win of a pro-independence leader in Taiwan, the use of deepfake technology to bolster Indonesian politicians’ electoral campaigns, the outcome of Bhutan’s fourth-ever free elections, and the transactional diplomacy emboldening rights abuses of governments in Asia.

January 8, 2024
January 8, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of the stabbing of a leading opposition leader in South Korea, another political prisoner dying under the rule of the Myanmar junta, Afghanistan’s worst crackdown on women since returning to power, and the upcoming elections in South Asia.

January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Tibetans forced to commemorate the birth anniversary of People’s Republic of China founder Mao Zedong, Singapore’s review of a contentious HIV disclosure law, a fatal mass demonstration in Nepal, and new victims of the globally notorious Pegasus spyware.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

previous arrow
next arrow