Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

Read more below.

Southeast Asia
Building holistic resilience to climate shocks and power crises
Amid sweltering heat and the impending onslaught of its typhoon season, huge swathes of Vietnam are also contending with critical power shortage.

Last week, thousands of residents in the country’s bustling Hanoi city were taken by surprise when their main electricity provider EVN Hanoi had to suddenly cut power. According to the company, on June 1 alone, nearly 50 locations across 15 districts endured power cuts that ran from 1 to 8 hours. In the preceding week, more than 160 locations lost electricity.

This power squeeze has been rippling all throughout the Southeast Asian country, as well. In the first 20 days of May, for example, Ho Chi Min City consumed nearly 95 million kilowatts per hour a day, the capital’s highest average power output on record. To cope with demand, authorities have had to impose rolling blackouts.

The outages can be attributed to the recent drought that swept through Vietnam, which power consumption to new heights as residents kept their air-cons on for most of the day. Russia’s continued offensive in Ukraine has also compounded the problem by arresting the already scarce energy supplies, leading to delays in coal imports.

The Vietnamese government’s solution to the power crisis is an ambitious plan to more than double its capacity from 69 GW in 2020 to 150 GW in 2030. This roadmap is contained in the country’s Power Development Plan VIII, which was finally approved in May after two years of consultations with experts and stakeholders.

Among the Plan’s lofty goals is to move the country away from coal-fired power and into more renewable sources of energy, including wind facilities and liquefied natural gas. This will not only help Vietnam reduce its dependence on Russia’s natural gas exports, but also enable it to meet its 2050 pledge of achieving net-zero emissions.

However, beyond controlling emissions, Vietnam also needs to tackle other crucial environmental issues, too, Muthukumara Mani and Vinod Thomas both environmental and development specialists, wrote in a World Bank blog. These issues include poor water quality, worsening air pollution especially in urban centers, loss of biodiversity, and deteriorating land and forest quality.

To chart its way forward, both experts recommend that Vietnam not only focus on mitigation measures – such as reducing emissions – but also adaptation initiatives that boost the country’s resilience against climate shocks, calamities, and sudden power crises.
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Northeast Asia
Criminalizing suicide: An ‘act of treason’
Trigger warning: self-harm and suicide.

Poverty and hunger are common outcomes of rabid tyranny and a violent authoritarian leadership, which seek to concentrate power at the top of a power hierarchy at the expense of the welfare of the majority.

But for North Korea, this leadership formula has taken a darker turn. Last week, a report from Radio Free Asia revealed that Kim Jong Un ordered local law enforcement agents to prevent suicides after internal data showed an uptick from last year’s figures.

While specific numbers were unavailable, North Korea’s suicide rate could have increased by as much as 40 percent from last year, Radio Free Asia reported, citing data from the South Korean National Intelligence Service.

In response to the alarming spike in suicides, Kim has essentially outlawed the act, calling it an “act of treason against socialism.” Local authorities who are unable to prevent these deaths would also be held accountable for such an offense.

In suicide notes, revealed during emergency government meetings to address the issue, many victims blamed the country’s social system, which has driven them to a hopeless and desperate degree of poverty and hunger.

Though self-branded as a socialist state, North Korea is in reality a totalitarian communist dictatorship that has for three generations been led by the Kim dynasty for three generations. Kim Jong-Un’s grandfather, Kim Il-Sung, founded North Korea in 1948.

This form of government has enriched the reclusive leader’s family with money, status, power and influence. In turn, however, it has left the vast majority of North Korea in depravation, which the country has failed to alleviate in more than seven decades.

The situation was even aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, to which the Kim leadership responded by imposing extreme and repressive isolation measures, according to Human Rights Watch. The regime kept this up for two years. Under the pretext of public health, North Korea intensified its control over travel, imports, and foreign contact, in turn leading to a massive economic downturn.

All throughout the pandemic, reports of massive starvation and spiraling poverty leaked out of the reclusive Northeast Asian country, highlighting the consequences of its iron-fisted approach to governance.
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South Asia
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Afghans’ unending woes amid climate crisis
In December 2022, the Taliban imposed a ban on all women employees of non-profit and non-governmental organizations, which not only crippled the operations of humanitarian response in Afghanistan but also endangered the delivery of aid into the country.

Half a year later, Afghanistan’s economic crisis has worsened and its need for external support has only grown. Last week, the country’s National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) urged international partners and organizations to return to the country and resume work on more than 30 stalled projects.

“The international community should not politicize environmental issues,” Hafiz Aziz Rahman, director of the Agency, said in a statement. “Foreign institutions should resume work on the projects in the field of an environmental improvement costing nearly 824 million US dollars, which have now been suspended."

By default, Afghanistan already experiences multiple natural disasters a year, including prolonged droughts, strong typhoons, and fatal floods and landslides, according to a report by the United Nations Sustainable Development Group.

This is only aggravated by the climate crisis. In the 2021 edition of the Global Climate Risk Index, Afghanistan was ranked the sixth most affected country in terms of climate-related threats in 2019, and is among the world’s least prepared to deal with sudden climate catastrophes.

Worsening Afghanistan’s environmental problems is the country’s history of conflict, which has led to stunted socio-economic development, as well as weak ecosystem and environmental protection policies. The Taliban’s repressive rule magnifies these effects for the country’s women and minorities, who are shut out from opportunities to help or provide for themselves.

While the NEPA’s call is specifically for environmental projects, Afghanistan’s needs extend far beyond, with poverty growing at an alarming pace following the Taliban’s violent rise to power. According to the United Nations Development Program, Afghanistan’s economy shrunk by more than 20 percent in 2021 and by 3.6 percent more in 2022. The country is now one of the poorest in the world.
Global/Regional
A matching show of force
In recent months, the U.S. has been flexing its military might in Asia, conducting joint military drills with allies in the region, including South Korea, the Philippines, and Japan.

Refusing to be outdone, China last week conducted joint aerial patrols with Russia, flying a small fleet of military planes over the Sea of Japan and East China Sea. According to China’s defense ministry, these patrols are part of a long-standing annual cooperation agreement between the two countries.

U.S. allies in the region bristled at these patrols and scrambled to assemble their own fleets in case tensions reach violent levels. Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirokazu Matsuno, for example, called these patrols “a grave security concern,” according to a report by Kyodo. Chinese and Russian planes did not enter Japan’s airspace.

South Korea was also alarmed by these drills. The foreign planes entered Korea’s air defense identification zone, which prompted South Korea to send fighters to the scene. China and Russia also did not violate South Korea’s territorial air space.

These military exercises come as tensions with the U.S. heat up. During the recent Shangri-La Dialogue, China refused to engage diplomatically with the U.S. and instead blasted the global superpower, accusing it of fostering a “cold war mentality,” intensifying the arms race in Asia, and meddling in the internal matters of other countries.

Taiwan, in particular, is a sore spot for China, which the U.S. has taken as an opportunity to further keep the Northeast Asian giant in check. Though Taiwan has been independently governed for more than five decades, Beijing has recently taken a more aggressive stance toward the island nation, insisting that Taiwan is not its own country but merely a part of China’s territory.

The U.S. has taken Taiwan’s side and has promised that it would come to Taiwan’s defense in case Beijing’s claims turn violent. China sees this as unacceptable interference. President Xi Jinping, at the CCP’s 20th party congress in 2022, said that "resolving the Taiwan issue is the Chinese people's own business, and it up to the Chinese people to decide.”

While Beijing is determined to achieve this goal through peaceful means, it would not “promise to give up the use of force and reserve the option to take all necessary measures,” Xi added.
June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

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