Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible war crime committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

Japan
A glimmer of hope
In Japan, a recent family court verdict calling mandatory sterilization for official gender changes unconstitutional has sparked optimism within the LGBTQI+ community that the Supreme Court would finally strike down the controversial law that requires it.

On Oct. 25, the high court was expected to decide on a case filed by a transgender woman against the country's gender identity disorder (GID) special law requiring gender-affirming surgeries before they are allowed to change their gender in official records.

Under the GID Special Cases Act, such surgical procedures (that change one’s primary or secondary sex characteristics according to their gender identity) are just one of several requirements transgender people have to undergo to change their gender status.

Among others, applicants under the special law must first undergo a psychological assessment about their gender identity and be surgically sterilized. They must also be single and have no children under the age of 20.

Many rights groups who consider the law cruel and inhumane have lobbied for the abolition of the law that was enacted in 2004.

At the time, the Diet argued that if a man were to change his sex in the family registry without removing his reproductive organs and then have a child, that person would be registered as a woman while also being the biological father of the child.

Many of Japan's public officials and even a Supreme Court decision in 2019 expressed concerns about "causing confusion in society" if they allowed transgender people to change their status without undergoing surgery or sterilization.

In 2021 Human Rights Watch urged the Japanese government to reconsider these “discriminatory and abusive provisions,” noting that other governments have scrapped such provisions and — in the case of Sweden and Netherlands — even compensated transgender people who underwent sterilization.

With Japan’s top court decision looming, the LGBTQI+ community is pinning their hopes on a recent Shizuoka family court verdict striking down another provision in the GID Special Cases Act requiring transgender people to undergo sterilization as unconstitutional.

Gen Suzuki, who had brought the case before the court, said he hoped his case could trigger positive outcomes for transgender people in Japan. "I want children to hang on to their hope. I want to see a society where sexual diversity is naturally accepted,” Suzuki told AP.
Young people join the 2019 Pride March in the Shibuya district in the Japanese capital of Tokyo, which may soon see new legislative reforms on the treatment of transgender people. (Photo: Shutterstock / Nur Mora)
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Myanmar
Mounting war crimes and UN’s inaction
When explosives rained down on a displacement camp in Myanmar’s northern Kachin State last Oct. 9, 29 civilians were killed, including at least 11 children.

A blame game ensued soon after, with the military blaming the Kachin Independence Army freedom fighters for the attack. But an investigation by international watchdog Human Rights Watch (HRW) suggests that Myanmar forces conducted an airstrike then fired a battery of mortar fire on a largely civilian village, possibly constituting a war crime.

“The Myanmar military’s repeated strikes and shelling of a village filled with displaced people were either unlawfully deliberate or indiscriminate,” said Manny Maung, HRW Myanmar researcher. “Concerned governments shouldn’t just condemn this reckless disregard for civilian life, they should take meaningful and concrete actions to stop the military from committing future violations.”

The attack happened in the village of Mung Lai Hkyet, home to the ethnic Lisu as well as internally displaced people fleeing the junta’s hostilities.

It’s also the latest in a series of airstrikes by the junta’s forces since the coup in February 2021, many of which were in largely civilian areas where there are no resistance fighters.

Since the coup, the military has carried out 1,427 airstrikes mostly in the Kayin state and Sagaing region, where they have struggled to maintain control, according to a study by independent research group Nyan Lynn Thit Analytica.

Just this April, the junta’s forces killed at least 160 people in an airstrike using a thermobaric bomb – or “fuel-air explosive” – in Sagaing Region.

These figures, said Amnesty International, should prompt the U.N. Security Council to finally “impose a long-overdue arms embargo, including on the supply of aviation fuel, as the Myanmar military repeatedly unleashes its arsenal on civilians across the country.”
Myanmar’s northern Kachin State, home to thousands of internally displaced people since the junta took over the government in 2021, has been the target of a deadly airstrike that killed 29 people. (Photo: Shutterstock / Ge-No)
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Sri Lanka
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Commemorating the disappeared
Thirty-four years ago on Oct. 27, 1989 burnt bodies of Sri Lankan trade unionist H.M. Ranjith and M. Lionel of the Legal Aid Centre, were discovered and made to disappear. Ranjith had earned the ire of his employers for his activism focusing on workplace accidents while the latter represented him.

Two years later, on that same day, 16 people, including a Catholic priest and a Bhuddist monk, came together to remember them. This practice has since turned into an annual commemorative event – dubbed Day of Commemoration of Disappearances in Sri Lanka in honor not only of Ranjith and Lionel but also of all other victims of enforced disappearances in the island country, such as of those who took part in youth uprisings in the south and in the civil war in the north.

“The Sri Lanka authorities have a long history of using enforced disappearances as a tool to silence dissent and suppress resistance,” says Amnesty International. “It is a deeply repressive practice that has frequently taken place, regardless of the regime in power.”

According to human rights group People for Equality and Relief in Lanka (PEARL), the island nation has the second highest number of enforced disappearances in the world, estimated at 60,000 to 100,000.

Like all other relatives of the disappeared in Sri Lanka who are still seeking justice for their loved ones, thousands of families are still struggling to find the whereabouts of their relatives who were forcibly disappeared during the brutal 26-year civil war between the government and ethnic Tamil fighters, otherwise known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

Amid challenges, these families continue to demand accountability from the government and an end to increasing threats and harassment.

“We have turned down the government compensation of SLR 200,000 (US$552) offered to affected families. Families are not seeking blood money, they need answers from the OMP (Office of Missing Persons),” one protester told People’s Dispatch at a rally held in the northern town of Kilinochchi last February to demand justice for enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka.

In 2013, the government established a Presidential Commission of Inquiry to look into enforced disappearances from the final years of the conflict in Sri Lanka, and the OMP three years later.

Yet the OMP has yet to “trace a single disappeared person or clarify the fate of the disappeared in meaningful ways, and its current purpose is to expedite the closure of files,” the U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights said in a 2022 report.

“It’s a struggle for families of the disappeared to keep pushing for accountability in Sri Lanka given what they see as official indifference or outright obstruction,” says the Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice.

Since 1990 several Commissions of Inquiry into Disappearances have been appointed by successive governments, but “the Sri Lankan authorities have failed to stop acts of enforced disappearance, failed to undertake criminal investigations into complaints, and failed to prosecute those responsible,” adds the international human rights group.
A Sri Lankan mother, Kirithran Pamalogini Muthiram Pitthy, holds a portrait of her son who has been missing since 2009 — one of thousands who disappeared during the final years of the civil war in the island country. (Photo: Shutterstock / Sebastian Castelier)
Global/Regional
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Building new bridges
The latest round of large-scale forced repatriations of North Korean defectors by China is already posing an early challenge for Washington’s new special envoy for North Korean human rights, who officially took office last week.

But it appears that Ambassador Julie Turner, who was named to the post by U.S. President Joseph Biden, is eager to engage North Korea not through sanctions but dialogue, saying the U.S. government “very much wants to work with you to make concrete changes and improvements in the human rights situation.”

In an exclusive interview with Radio Free Asia, Turner, a Korean-American, also assured Pyongyang that Washington was “ready to, if the opportunity exists, look for ways in which we can assist you [the North Korean regime] in achieving those goals.”

Whether North Korea is willing to go back to the table is another matter entirely. Washington and Pyongyang’s relationship has always been fraught, with the U.S. hammering North Korea on its human rights record and weapons program, and North Korea pushing back against the U.S.' friendly ties with Seoul and the heavy sanctions that keep the totalitarian state in extreme poverty.

There have been some breakthroughs over the years such as when former U.S. President Donald Trump became the first sitting president to visit the hermit kingdom and meet with North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-un, who described the historic meeting as a "courageous and determined act." Talks between the two leaders soon collapsed, “without any agreement on nuclear disarmament or easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula,” said New York Times.

Roberta Cohen, an expert on North Korean human rights, said that ending North Korea’s isolation and normalizing its relationship with the U.S. could compel the Kim regime to lessen the oppression of the North Korean people.
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un (left) and former U.S. President Donald Trump are shown photographed during their historic 2018 summit in Singapore, initially signaling hopes of a better relationship between Washington and Pyongyang. Talks broke down the following year. (Photo: Shutterstock / Hadrian)
October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

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