Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

Read below for more.

Sri Lanka
Peace deteriorating
Every year, the international think tank Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) publishes its Global Peace Index report, which evaluates the level of peacefulness of 163 independent states and territories, spanning 99.7 percent of the world’s population.

The Index quantifies peace according to more than 20 indicators across three main domains: societal safety and security, ongoing domestic and international conflict, and militarization.

Overall, the IEP found that the world has turned less peaceful this year, driven by major conflicts like Russia’s attack on Ukraine and the Taliban’s ongoing violations of human rights in Afghanistan. Eighty-nine countries saw improvements in their domestic peace situation, but this was more than offset by the 79 territories with deteriorating peacefulness.

One of the biggest losers in the Index is Sri Lanka, which plummeted 18 places from last year’s ranking. A major driver of this is the country’s economic meltdown in 2022, when its foreign reserves were depleted, forcing the country to default on its loans. Without funds to import fuel, food, and other essentials, many Sri Lankans grew hungry and desperate.

In July 2022, this widespread frustration exploded into massive riots, with protesters swarming and occupying the presidential palace.

Though the street demonstrations have mostly calmed down, Sri Lanka’s economic crisis continues. In the first quarter of this year, the economy contracted by 11.5 percent, an even bigger shrink than what analysts had expected, according to a report by Reuters, citing official government figures.

Beyond the economy-fueled domestic unrest, Sri Lanka’s campaign for peace is also hamstrung by its growing militarization. Instead of finding rapid and sustainable means to save the economy, Sri Lanka’s central government unleashed its armed forces against civilians who were protesting the shortage of food and fuel in the country.

Instead of resorting to force and violence, the U.N. Commission on Human Rights urged Sri Lanka’s government to take a more peaceful and human rights-centric approach to these protests and launch a national dialogue, as well as enact institutional reforms, to ease the economic burden on its people.

Despite its rapidly deteriorating peace situation, Sri Lanka is still the third most peaceful nation in South Asia – eclipsed only by Nepal and Bhutan – speaking to the degree of strife in the region. Still reeling from decades of armed conflict and the chaotic pull-out of American troops in 2020, Afghanistan is the least peaceful country in South Asia and the world.
Image is not available
South Korea
Forced to stay quiet
Trigger warning: Domestic violence

In South Korea, nine in 10 victims of domestic violence opt to keep quiet.

This was the main finding of a government-run survey posted last week. The study was run by the country’s Ministry of Gender Equality and Family and was conducted between August and November 2022. More than 9,000 randomly selected respondents participated, most of whom were women.

Overall, the survey found that domestic violence – defined as physical, sexual, emotional, and economic violence perpetrated by a spouse or co-habitant partner – dripped by 1.2 percentage points as compared to 2019 figures.

Despite the improvement, the situation remains dire. In the face of such violence, more than half of respondents did not take any action. A substantial proportion of victims believed that the incident was not serious enough to warrant a response from them, while some also blamed themselves for the domestic violence.

Few victims sought for external assistance in response to the violence, often turning to friends, family, neighbors, the national domestic violence hotline, or police. Meanwhile, 93.2 percent of victims chose to stay silent and not ask for help.

Domestic violence is a long-standing issue in South Korea, where patriarchal beliefs remain rampant. In August 2021, a 25-year-old woman died after being assaulted by a man she had romantic relations with. Footage of the attack went viral and sparked an online petition that garnered more than 350,000 signatures calling for a heavy punishment for the perpetrator.

A year later, in August 2022, the country’s Women’s Development Institute ran a survey of some 7,000 adult women and found that 16.1 percent, or more than 1,100 respondents, had experienced domestic violence. Gender-based violence, not necessarily perpetrated by a partner, was even more common.

It is highly likely, however, that domestic violence in South Korea runs much deeper than what these surveys have captured. After all, a pervasive belief that family matters should remain private makes it difficult to grasp the true depth and breadth of domestic violence in the country.
Image is not available
Cambodia
Image is not available
Set-off by a suspension
In late June, the Meta’s independent Oversight Board overturned the tech company’s decision to leave a video of Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen up on Facebook.

In the clip, Hun Sen threatened to beat his political adversaries with a stick if they continued to criticize the ruling party. In its decision, the Oversight Board found that Hun Sen’s tirade “amounts to incitement of violence and legal intimidation.”

“Meta was wrong to apply a newsworthiness allowance in this case, as the harm caused by allowing the content on the platform outweighs the post’s public interest value,” the Board wrote, adding that by allowing this kind of language disseminate through Facebook, particularly as they were spoken by a highly influential figure, means that the company is also contributing to Hun Sen’s intimidation tactics.

In response to his statements, the Oversight Board recommended that Meta suspend Hun Sen’s Facebook and Instagram accounts for half a year.

Last week, the government of Cambodia retaliated: All 22 members of Meta’s Oversight Committee have been declared persona non-grata and are banned from entering the Southeast Asian nation, based on a statement released by the country’s Foreign Affairs Ministry.

The Board’s recommendations, according to the state announcement, was “political in nature,” reports CamboJA News.

This kind of overreaction from Hun Sen’s administration is not new. In 2021, amid the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government set its sights on independent news outlets, alleging that they were spreading fake news about official efforts to combat the spread of the virus and making the public distrustful of authorities.

In May 2021, most independent journalists were barred from reporting in areas under strict lockdown. Only state media and government-invited outlets were allowed in these zones.
Regional
Dumping radioactive discharge
In March 2011, a major earthquake struck off the coast of Japan’s northeastern Miyagi prefecture. The quake itself was not directly responsible for death or destruction, but it triggered a tsunami reaching up to 10 meters high that struck and submerged the nearby city of Sendai.

The crisis that followed would become known as one of the worst nuclear accidents in history. A power meltdown in one of the Fukushima Daiichi’s plants led to explosions of radioactive material from reactors. The contamination spread for kilometers and persisted for years.

A decade later, in 2021, Japan unveiled plans of dumping more than 1 million tons of contaminated, but treated, waste water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean. The Northeast Asian nation scheduled to begin the release in two years’ time and expects the process to take decades.

Releasing the treated water “is an unavoidable task to decommission the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant and reconstruct the Fukushima area,” Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga said at the time.

Since its first pronouncement, Japan has sought the guidance of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which last week released a report concluding that releasing the treated Fukushima water would have “negligible” effects on human health and the environment, according to Asahi.

Japan’s neighbors, however, were not convinced. On the same day as the IAEA’s press event in Tokyo, China cast some doubt on the international agency’s report, claiming that its conclusions “failed to fully reflect views from experts that participated in the review," according to Kyodo News.

While South Korea’s President Yoon Suk-yeol was more welcoming of the IAEA’s report, opposition groups remain skeptical of the release plan. Woo Won-shik, a Democratic Party lawmaker, even launched a hunger strike to oppose these plans. Protesters have also swarmed the streets of Seoul to register their disapproval of Japan’s dumping plans.

Pacific Island nations are also against releasing Fukushima’s wastewater into the ocean. Maureen Penjueli, coordinator of the Pacific Network on Globalization, slammed these plans, saying that “the Pacific is not a dumping ground for radioactive waste water.”
July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

previous arrow
next arrow