Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

Read below for more.

Northeast Asia
Leading Asia’s pink tide
A recent government survey found that Taiwanese society is growing more tolerant, if not outright accepting, of same-sex couples.

When asked if same-sex couples should be legally allowed to marry each other, 62.6 percent of respondents answered affirmatively. While this may seem like a slim margin, it already represents a more-than 25 percent improvement since 2018, before same-sex marriage became legal in the country, according to a report by The News Lens.

In the same survey, nearly three-quarters of respondents also agreed that it should be legal for same-sex couples to adopt children, while 77.3 percent said that transgender individuals should be allowed to dress in whatever way they prefer in school or at work. More than nine in 10 respondents said they were comfortable working alongside transgender people as colleagues.

These survey results point to the progress of the gender equality and inclusivity movement in Taiwan, which is the most tolerant and accepting country in the region toward the LGBTQI+ community.

Even during the pandemic, Taiwan remained a stalwart safe space for the queer community, holding what was one of the world’s very few Pride marches despite the threat of the virus and the absence of vaccine at the time, and amid increasingly stringent lockdowns.

In May 2019, Taiwan approved a bill to legalize same-sex marriage, becoming the first country in Asia to do so. No other Asian nation has yet to follow in its footsteps, according to data from the international non-profit the Human Rights Campaign.

This is broadly reflective of attitudes toward the LGBTQI+ community, too. Asia is home to some of the most rabidly homophobic countries. In Brunei, for example, merely having same-sex relationships is illegal, according to an analysis by the Human Rights Watch. Anal intercourse among gay men is punishable by the death penalty.

Malaysia, Pakistan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka, among other Asian countries, also impose steep legal restrictions on homosexuality and same-sex relations.
Caption: Data from a recent survey of Taiwan’s Department of Gender Equality show growing acceptance of the LGBTQI+ community in the Northeast Asian country.
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Southeast Asia
A law of the land
Land has always been a central issue in the Philippines.

Last week, with an overwhelming 262 yes votes, against three negatives and zero abstentions, the Philippine House of Representatives approved the National Land Use Act on its third and final reading. The bill will now make its way to the Senate for further deliberation.

The proposed Act includes the formation of a governing body, the National Land Use Commission, which will oversee the integration and harmonization of all relevant laws, guidelines and policies, as well as advise the president regarding matters important to land use and planning.

Progressive groups, however, have pointed out that the bill does not champion the interests of farmers. “What we want is a pro-farmer and pro-people national land use policy,” the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP), a progressive farmers’ group, said in response to the House’s vote, according to a report by Bulatlat.

In particular, the KMP flagged the bill’s propensity to protect land for private interests such as tourism, mining, and urban development. Whereas the National Land Use Act contains protections for agricultural lands and disallows their conversion for other purposes, the House of Representatives rejected amendments aimed at providing safeguards for agricultural land dedicated for food production.

This is a major flaw of the bill seeing as “ensuring land use for food production is a paramount duty and obligation of the State,” Rafael Mariano, KMP chairperson emeritus and former agrarian reform secretary, said.

According to an analysis by The Philippine Greenprint, a network of environmentally-focused non-profits, several different versions of the National Land Use Act have been filed since 1994, none of which have prospered enough to become a law. These have been held back by several roadblocks, often political or structural in nature.

These roadblocks include overlapping policies, mandates, and authorities, which make it difficult for one body to make final and binding decisions regarding land use, according to a report by the German Institute for Development Evaluation.

Moreover, it is often the case that political friction and shortcomings get in the way of efficient land use and planning. In the local government context, for instance, rivalling political parties may stonewall a project for their own gain, while shortage of resources could prevent plans from coming to fruition.
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South Asia
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Curbing illegal phones – and online speech?
After some eight months of back-and-forth, Nepal has finally decided to implement its Mobile Device Management System (MDMS), which came into force earlier this month.

By last week, however, it became clear that despite having spent all that time ruminating on the fate of the MDMS, the government still had no plans of how to properly implement the new policy.

The confusion started in September 2022, when the Nepalese government announced it was implementing the MDMS in an effort to curb the entry of illegal phones into the country. The new policy will involve a central, state-owned system that tracks and records all phones and similar gadgets that enter the country. Devices that are not registered with the Nepal Telecommunication Authority (NTA) will be considered illegal – and will not get mobile service in the country.

These regulations leave some 5 million phones in an extensive gray list, whose legal statuses and ability to operate in the country remain unknown. This list includes phones that have not completed due customs processes, such as those brought by friends and family from abroad, or phones belonging to foreigners.

According to a report by Online Khabar, the government has still not decided whether these “gray” phones can be white-listed or not, nor has it settled on a process to have these devices cleared.

While the main goal of the MDMS is to minimize illegal phone importation, which takes away substantial tax revenues from the government, it might also be used to clamp down on online freedom of expression. Nepal’s government, after all, is known to wield harsh laws against dissenters and critics.

For instance, the country’s Electronics Transactions Act has been used to arrest a comedian and a former State Secretary. The law was also used to force a folk singer to take his song down from online streaming site YouTube.

How will the MDMS fit into Nepal’s existing system of policies to restrict online expression?
Global/Regional
Tight watch on progressive wave
Myanmar’s military leadership are on edge after the stunning progressive win in Thailand’s recent elections.

Last week, Myanmar’s military leadership cast doubt on its long-standing relationship with its neighbor Thailand, saying that the results of the recent elections will force it to rethink its ties with one of its biggest economic and political partners. The junta has also put its troops on high alert. In a directive to his foot soldiers, Vice Senior General Soe Win instructed his regional commanders to put a tight watch on the Thai-Myanmar border.

In his orders, Soe Win branded Thailand’s Move Forward Party as “pro-West” and alleged that the group will assist terrorists, referring to anti-Junta, civilian resistance forces, according to a report by The Irrawady.

The heightened security is in response to a tweet from Pita Limjaroenrat, leader of the Move Forward party, which won the highest number of votes in the recent elections. “My policies on Myanmar will engage with all stakeholders, focusing on human security considerations, including humanitarian and economic aspects. These will be implemented with a view to achieving mutual peace and prosperity for Thailand, Myanmar, ASEAN and beyond,” Pita’s tweet read, according to a report by Mizzima.

Will Thailand’s new progressive government finally be the backbone that has been sorely lacking from the regional bloc ASEAN?

Since Myanmar’s military powers violently seized power in February 2021, the regional bloc has acted flaccidly and irresolutely, often toeing the line between a ruthless, violent regime and the grassroots, civilian movement that is resolute to reclaim their country.

Critics have called the ASEAN a “complete failure” over its inaction regarding the coup. Not only has the regional group allowed the junta’s atrocities to continue without material consequences, but it has also even continued dealing with the military leadership, thereby legitimizing and enabling an oppressive regime.

Soon after the coup, the ASEAN, in dialogue with the military leader Min Aung Hlaing, settled on a five-point consensus that would see the “immediate cessation of violence” in the Southeast Asian nation. Nearly two years since and this agreement has proven to be an astounding failure – the violence has only escalated, conflict has erupted, and peace in Myanmar seems farther than ever.
May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

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