Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

Read below for more.

Hong Kong
Withering behind bars
In December 2022, Hong Kong’s rapidly shrinking civic space caught up with media tycoon Jimmy Lai, who landed in prison on charges of fraud. Then 74 years old, he was sentenced to five years and nine months in jail.

Lai also faces charges for colluding with foreign forces, for which he could be given a life sentence if convicted.

Last week, his son, Sebastien Lai Sung-yan, raised fears that his father might die in prison, particularly as his trial might be delayed indefinitely, according to Jimmy's lawyers. Sebastian also slammed the British government for dragging its feet on the case, particularly as his father is a British national.

“If they are willing to sacrifice human rights for trade, I think it’s a big misstep,” Sebastien Lai said.

Jimmy’s trial was initially scheduled for December last year but has faced several delays since. The trial is now scheduled for Dec. 18.

Jimmy Lai was arrested under the sweeping National Security Law (NSL), which Beijing hoisted onto Hong Kong in July 2020. The law’s overly broad provisions and exceedingly harsh punishments make it the perfect tool to clamp down on dissent and curtail civic freedoms.

“With the government pulling all its weight against Jimmy Lai, a reasonable observer may wonder whether the outcome of the trial is already ordained,” says Johannes Chan, a visiting professor of law at University College London and the former dean of faculty and chair of public law at the University of Hong Kong, in an article he wrote for the U.S.-Asia Law Institute.

“The coming trial is no longer only a trial of Mr. Lai, but a trial of the independence of the judiciary and the integrity of the legal system.”

Over the last three years, as of July 1, 2023, a total 264 individuals have been arrested by the Hong Kong police for national security crimes, says China File, citing data from the Georgetown Center for Asian Law. This number translates to an average of 7.3 people arrested per month.

The long arm of the NSL has not spared even overseas Hong Kong activists, with bounties of up to HK$1 million (US$127,782) for anyone who can provide information leading to their arrest, according to the online magazine.
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India
Gender-inclusive policy making
Last week, India’s parliament greenlit the 106th amendment to its constitution – the Women’s Reservation Bill.

The proposed legislation sets aside a third of seats in India’s Lower House and in state legislatures, and reserves them for women. The Lower House voted the Bill through 454 to 2, and it sailed unopposed in the Upper House.

“U.N. Women applauds the passage of the bill,” Kanta Singh, country representative from the international organization, said in a statement to TIME, adding that the bill is “one of the most progressive and transformative pieces of legislation that would bring women into the highest decision-making bodies” in India.

The bill is now only awaiting the signature of Indian President Droupadi Murmu and the approval of at least half of the country’s states.

Currently, according to a Reuters analysis, women in India hold only about 14.94 percent of seats in the Lower House and 14 percent in the Upper House. Across state legislatures, only a tenth of posts belong to women.

On one hand, this, unfortunately, is broadly reflective of the Indian society’s views on women and their place in society.

A 2022 survey by the Pew Research Center showed that while the majority of respondents believed that women and men made equally good political leaders, most still held traditional or patriarchal views on economic roles. In terms of job opportunities, for example, 80 percent agreed that men should have more rights to these positions than women, according to the survey.

Still, the survey picked up promising signs of improvement. The majority of respondents agreed that violence against women was a very big problem in India, and that in order to improve safety for women, it was more important to teach boys to respect girls, rather than the other way around.

The passage of the Women’s Reservation Bill signals India’s slow but sure progress toward gender equality, too. Similar legislative initiatives were first launched in 1996, and since then nearly every administration has tried – and failed – to pass it into law.

Consistently, the biggest hurdle would be staunch opposition from hardline conservatives, but the strong and near-unanimous support the proposed law has received could be a sign of how far Indian society has come in terms of gender equality.
PHOTO: Diya Kumari, member of parliament, addresses a crowd during a 2019 public meeting in India’s northern Rajasthan state.
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Thailand
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Lese majeste: still deeply entrenched
Last week, Thailand’s supreme court revoked all political rights of Pannika Wanich, a former spokesperson for the now-defunct Future Forward Party.

The court order bans Pannika from running in elections and holding any public office. She, however, retains her right to vote.

The case against Pannika was brought in June 2019 by pro-monarchy activist Srisuwan Janya, citing the former’s decade-old social media post that allegedly made fun of the monarchy. The high court last week found that Pannika had seriously violated ethical standards befitting of public servants.

In response to the Supreme Court decision, Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen, a member of regional group ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights, denounced the Thai Supreme Court’s decision.

“The idea that these photos constitute a ‘serious violation of ethical standards’ is absurd and goes to show how those in power can twist broadly worded laws and regulations in order to target political opponents.,” Lee Wuen said.

Pannika’s case shows just how deeply entrenched Thailand’s lese majeste law still is. Also known as Section 112 of the Thai Criminal Code, the law forbids defamations or insults against the monarchy, and carries a maximum prison term of 15 years.

In Thailand’s most recent election cycle, the youth-led opposition Move Forward Party (MFP) rode high on promises that it would reform the country’s monarchy, take away some of the power of the Thai royalty and military – and amend Section 112.

This platform helped them pull a surprise victory against royalist and militarist groups.

Before long, however, the realities of Thai politics caught up with the MFP. Party leader Pita Limjaroenrat, despite winning the elections, was rejected by the country’s parliament as the new Prime Minister. Instead, Pheu Thai’s Srettha Thavisin took the seat.

MFP became the de facto successor to Future Forward, after a Thai court dissolved the latter in 2020.
Global/Regional
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Free speech lost at SEA
Earlier this month, the Pew Research Center released the results of a recent survey, which looked at prevailing views about free speech in countries across South and Southeast Asia.

The findings were worrying. While most respondents agreed that people should be able to publicly register their dissent against their governments, the majority also believed that harmony was more important than the right to voice one’s opinion. This was especially true in Cambodia, Singapore, and Indonesia, where 69 percent, 64 percent, and 67 percent, respectively, of respondents, endorsed this belief.

“It’s far easier to think that all tyranny stems from way up high, in part because one has to get on in society with people who think differently and, also, because it provides a convenient excuse for inactivity,” David Hutt, research fellow at the Central European Institute of Asian Studies, wrote last week in his analysis of the Pew results for Radio Free Asia.

“One must realize that it is not just your governments who want to silence you; it’s also your neighbors,” Hutt said.

Of course, while there is an individual urge for harmony – for freedom from speech, as it were – governments still play a central role in fomenting a culture of silence. In Singapore, for instance, authorities have successfully established a culture of fear by barraging political opposition with defamation suits and by criminalizing acts that it deems unacceptable.

The Pew survey found that Singapore had the highest proportion of respondents that did not agree with being able to publicly criticize the government.

Aggravating the free speech problem in the region are laws that strongly disincentivize – if not outright criminalize – dissent, according to a 2021 analysis piece from independent policy think tank Chatham House. Malaysia, like Singapore, has colonial-era laws that prohibit seditious acts or those that might breed dissatisfaction toward the government.

In the Philippines, meanwhile, libel remains a criminal act, while Cambodia’s government is known to go after critical media.
September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

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