Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

July 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

Read below for more.

Hong Kong
Ramping up intimidation tactics
When China imposed the National Security Law onto Hong Kong in June 2020, amid the initial – and arguably most severe ravages of the pandemic – acts that were otherwise within the ambit of fundamental freedoms were criminalized, as these were seen, rightly or wrongly, as threats to the security of the administrative region.

Hong Kong, ruled by a pro-Beijing government, wielded the law and its sweeping, punitive stipulations to silence dissent and ultimately lock up critics, forcing many democracy and human rights defenders to flee the country.

Two years on, just earlier this month, Hong Kong police slapped eight of these overseas activists with arrest warrants – and with HK$1 million (approximately US$128,000) bounties, promoting their arrest.

Among these activists is Nathan Law, a former student leader exiled to London. Last week, Hong Kong’s law enforcement stormed the house of Law’s family who had stayed behind and took away both of his parents and one of his brothers for questioning.

A police spokesperson said that the interrogations were carried out because Law’s family members were “suspected of assisting persons wanted by police,” reported The Guardian. “Investigation is under way and further operations, including arrest, may be made.”

Law denied these accusations, saying that “the involved parties have no financial connection with me, and my work is totally unrelated to them. The idea of ‘getting assistance from them’ is completely absurd.” When Law fled Hong Kong in 2020, he cut ties with his family.

Last week’s arrests are firmly in line with the intimidation tactics commonly employed by Beijing – and by extension, the Beijing-controlled government of Hong Kong – to assert its influence and dominance especially against dissidents. As early as 2015, when word of its alleged atrocities at Xinjiang had not yet captured the public’s consciousness, a Chinese diplomat photographed a Tibetan monk who was about to testify to the U.N. Human Rights Council regarding the abuses that Beijing wrought over his homeland.

This act, according to activists, is part of China’s then-sly campaign to silence critics. Over the years, however, these efforts have become more brazen. In April this year, for instance, this harassment campaign escalated into false bomb threats made at hotels and embassies in Europe, the U.S., and other countries, in an effort to intimidate overseas Chinese citizens who were critical of Beijing.
PHOTO: Exiled human rights defender Nathan Law speaking at pro-democracy protest for Hong Kong in London. Law is among the handful of activists that were forced to flee Hong Kong after Beijing imposed the National Security Law in 2020.
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India
Progress in the push against poverty
India broke two historic records this year. The first came in April, when it overtook China as the country with the largest population. Counting more than 1.4 billion people, the South Asian giant eclipsed China’s demographic rise for the first time since the U.N. started tracking population trends in 1950.

The second record came last week. According to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report by the U.N. Development Program, from 2005-2006 to 2019-2021, India was able to lift some 415 million people out of poverty.

The MPI report was crafted in coordination with the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative at the University of Oxford.

India’s feat, alongside other countries that have made similarly steep reductions in poverty, demonstrates that “poverty reduction is achievable” and that achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of cutting poverty in half by 2030 is feasible, according to the report.

India has made great strides in its campaign to eradicate poverty. The October 2022 issue of the MPI highlights key policy solutions that the country implemented. Among these is a notable shift in national priorities in 2014, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Clean India Mission to eliminate open defecation pits – and improve the country’s overall sanitation situation.

India has also bolstered its education coverage, with the New Education Policy of 2020 providing for universal access to quality schooling from the pre-primary level up to Grade 12, as well as ensuring early childhood care and education for young children. This educational reform also improved curricular structure and promoted a more holistic schooling experience for students.

Over the years, India has also enacted several improvements in nutrition, water, employment, and housing, all of which are important factors that contribute to the country’s poverty situation.

Still, more work needs to be done. Poverty remains high in rural areas, which account for almost 90 percent of the India’s poor population, as per the 2022 MPI issue. There are still nearly 230 million people living in poverty in India, around 97 million of whom are children.

Poverty across the South Asian region remains a pressing issue. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are home to nearly five out of every six people in poverty.
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Global/Regional
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Ballooning beyond control
In November 2022, Maria Margarette Villorente, who was 27 years old at the time, was admitted into the Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Medical Center in Manila. At 1:29 AM local time, she gave birth to her child, who she named Vinice – the world’s 8 billionth baby.

This year, on July 11, the planet celebrated the 33rd World Population Day since its launch in 1990. The Day, though mostly symbolic in nature, is meant to raise awareness of the quickly ballooning population in the planet and its dire consequences. According to the global non-profit Population Medica Center, overpopulation leads to a sharp increase in the demand for essential resources such as food, water, energy, and housing.

In turn, this excess burden – and consumption – can accelerate the destruction of the environment and depletion of natural resources, and trigger conflicts and crises.

Asia is home to population extremes, with China and India on one end of the spectrum and rich countries on the other, while some parts of the region are exhibiting other demographic trends.

Since the U.N. started tracking population numbers in 1950, China had consistently been at the top of its list. The Northeast Asian giant has since imposed a strict, if not overly harsh, limits on family structure with its one-child policy, which it later upended by allowing Chinese couples to have two children starting in 2016. Despite removing these restrictions, their lessons stuck and China’s population growth continued its downward trend.

In April this year, India overtook China as the most populous country in the world, with nearly 1.43 billion people. This is the first time that China was knocked off the top of the U.N.’s list.

Whereas China’s demography is expected to contract further in the coming years, India is looking at an even greater population boom, at least for several more decades, according to the U.N.’s Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ policy brief. India enacted similar population control measures as China during the 1950s, but a federal government structure allowed local and state authorities to set their own policy priorities, leading to limited, if not conflicting, impacts of national efforts to control birth rates.

Just behind India and China is another Asian country, Indonesia, which ranked fourth in this year’s population tally, outpaced only by the U.S. Compared to last year’s demographic figures, Indonesia’s population ballooned by 0.74 percent, nearly matching India’s population growth.

Meanwhile, South Korea has the world’s lowest fertility rate, with each woman giving birth to an average of 0.78 babies over her entire reproductive life. Japan’s birth rate also continues to free-fall for the seventh year in a row, even as Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has made stopping the demographic decline a key policy priority for his administration.
Myanmar
The civil war worsens
The domestic situation in Myanmar continues to deteriorate as vigilante groups have started joining the conflict between the country’s armed forces and the pro-democracy resistance group called the People’s Defense Forces (PDF).

Last week, reports of murders in its central Mandalay region made national headlines. According to local sources, the bodies were found bearing symbols associated with the Thway Thout vigilante group, a pro-junta faction that first emerged in April 2022, targeting anti-regime forces and those allied with the National League for Democracy (NLD) party, as well as critical journalists.

The symbol carried an illustration of a justice scale and the words “the fate of all extremists,” seemingly as a warning for other resistance forces. Thway Thout is Burmese for “blood-sworn comrades.”

Since the Tatmadaw seized power from the democratically-elected government in February 2021, Myanmar has been embroiled in widespread conflict. Pro-democracy forces rallied behind the National Unity Government, which in September of the same year, left with no other choice and overwhelmed by the military prowess of the junta, declared war on the sitting regime.

The resistance initially put up a strong fight, claiming several victories against the military and sparking hope among the people of Myanmar. However, the PDF has started splintering under the pressure of armed conflict. A report last week from The Diplomat details how some factions of the PDF have started adopting behaviors and motives that make them seem so similar to the junta that they are opposing.

“Not all the PDFs have the same goals and objectives,” according to a woman PDF combatant who trains some resistance groups. “Some have selfish motives. This is the biggest factor hampering unity among the resistance groups.”

Despite these cracks, the combatant believes that the resistance will emerge victorious and the military will soon be forced to cede Myanmar to the duly elected leaders. “People will suffer but they will win in the end,” she said. “The younger generation should not be allowed to suffer like the generations earlier.”

Amid the raging civil war in Myanmar is a mounting death toll. A U.N. report says at least 6,337 civilians have been killed since the February 2021 coup. The real tally “is surely higher since many killings have likely gone unreported,” says the U.N. in the executive summary.
PHOTO: Anti-junta protesters flood the streets of Yangon in March 2021. Since Myanmar’s military seized power in February of the same year, pro-democracy opposition groups have organized themselves into a formidable resistance movement that has engaged – and often bested – the country’s armed forces in skirmishes.
July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

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