Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

Global/Regional
Press freedom under siege
Every year, the international non-profit Reporters Without Borders (RSF) publishes the Press Freedom Index on (or around) May 3, which has been designated by the U.N. General Assembly as World Press Freedom Day.

This year’s edition, published last week, highlighted the grim state of media freedom in Southeast Asia. Vietnam, the region’s worst performer, is third-to-last on the RSF’s list, beaten only by the single-party and quasi-dictatorship regimes of China and North Korea.

Myanmar, embroiled in bloody internal conflict following the junta’s brutal coup in February 2021, is just one notch better than Vietnam.

The Philippines, once a bastion of press freedom in the region, is just 132nd of 180 countries on the RSF’s list. It placed lower than neighboring Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, which sat at 129th, 73rd, and 108th on the ranking, respectively.

Laos is the third-worst country in Southeast Asia in terms of press freedom, at 160th. Thailand is 106th, Brunei is 142nd and Cambodia is 147th.

Legislation is a common problem in the region, with many countries enforcing laws that prevent the media from freely reporting. Singapore, for example, passed the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act in 2021, which critics say contains broad and ambiguous provisions that the government can use to seriously curtail the freedom of expression and wield against critical media in the country. The Act came into force in July this year.

Thailand, meanwhile, is known for its archaic lese majeste law, which criminalizes any speech against the country’s royalty. This restriction, likewise overly broad and harsh, is one of the biggest roadblocks to media freedom in the country.

Despite the overall poor state of press freedom in the region, one Southeast Asian country has managed to skyrocket past most other countries, landing in the topmost levels of RSF’s list. Timor-Leste, a very young democracy, is the tenth country in the world with the freest media.
2023 Press Freedom Index rankings of Southeast Asian countries
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Southeast Asia
Better-prepared for a surge
In Indonesia, as with many other developing countries with dense urban centers, holidays mean a mass exodus of people from cities as migrant workers make their way home to their families in the provinces for the festivities.

Known colloquially as mudik, this massive movement of people is both a stand-out cultural phenomenon and, in the context of COVID-19, a public health nightmare. Last week, the Southeast Asian nation saw its coronavirus cases climb over 2,000 as an impending surge threatens to wash over the country.

Experts attribute the sudden rise in cases – both in Indonesia and in a growing number of countries worldwide – to the Arcturus subvariant of the now-dominant Omicron variant. Arcturus is characterized by two new mutations on the spike protein, which could account for its stronger transmissibility, according to a preprint.

When the pandemic first hit, Indonesia was caught off-guard, with nearly 7 million cases and over 160,000 related deaths. This time around, however, it seems that the Southeast Asian country is more prepared.

Even with the slight – though notable – uptick in cases, the Jakarta Health Agency has raised the public’s alarm, warning that cases could reach 4,000 soon if nothing is done. In turn, this would constrict public health resources in the capital.

The health body also encouraged residents to take their fourth dose of the vaccine, insisting that doing so would protect them from the worst consequences of COVID-19. In fact, of the 16 newly infected patients who had died due to the coronavirus, none had been boosted twice. In contrast, 10 of the patients who died had not been immunized at all.

To help with the impending surge, and with the government’s vaccination push, the country’s locally developed vaccine IndoVac had been approved as a booster shot to Pfizer vaccines. Bio Farma, a state-run pharmaceutical firm, manufactures IndoVac.

The regulatory approval means that IndoVac passes safety and efficacy rigor, and satisfies halal certification for the country’s Muslim-majority population. The local vaccine has also previously been given emergency approval as a booster to AstraZeneca and Sinovac primary shots.
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Northeast Asia
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Conflict among carers
Last week, thousands of community doctors and certified nursing assistants across South Korea went on strike. Their bone of contention: a controversial Nursing Bill, which they say could imperil their jobs.

Brought forward by opposition lawmaker Rep. Kim Min-seok, the Nursing Bill lays down the legal groundwork to improve the working condition of nurses, as well as define their professional role and duties, according to a report by the Korea Times. Currently, the Medical Services Act stipulate that nurses provide care and other health services “under the guidance of physicians.”

The Korean Nurses Association, which counts some 460,000 members across the country, has long contended that the Act is ambiguous, forcing many nurses to fulfil duties beyond the scope of their contracts, which in turn leads to overwork and burnout. The Act also implies that nurses are of lower status than doctors instead of recognizing the two as equally important in patient care.

Meanwhile, the Korean Medical Association (KMA), which represents doctors, argues that the Bill would allow nurses to provide treatment without the necessary license and may even empower them to open their own clinics.

"The Nursing Act is an irrational law that could harm public health and lead to the collapse of the country's healthcare system,” Lee Pil-soo, head, KMA, said during a rally.

Nursing assistants, on the other hand, are worried that they might lose jobs if the bill is passed into law. Both groups are calling on President Yoon Suk-yeol to intervene and veto the bill, and on lawmakers to rewrite the Bill.

Though no official count has been released, protesters estimate that approximately 10,000 healthcare workers participated in last week’s strike. The groups are also threatening a general strike on May 17 if their demands are not met.

Meanwhile, Rep. Kim has blasted the protesting doctors, calling their movement “irrational” and citing previous instances where their mass action went against the broader public opinion. In August 2020, for instance, trainee doctors opposed the government’s plan to increase the number of medical students to help the country weather the pandemic. A year later, doctors also protested a bill that would install security cameras in operating rooms to deter and detect medical malpractice.
South Asia
The undying dangers of dengue
Every year, when rains start to wash over South Asia, so does the threat of dengue. This year is no different – in fact, in Bangladesh, experts expect the outbreak to be worse, driven by stronger rains and unpredictable weather patterns.

According to the country’s Directorate General of Health Services, nearly 40 percent of high-rise buildings in Dhaka showed signs of the Aedes larvae, which grow into the virus-bearing mosquitoes that cause dengue. The insect was also found in more than 30 percent of buildings under construction, nearly 15 percent of flower tubs and trays, and almost 20 percent of plastic containers.

In 2019, Bangladesh endured its worst dengue outbreak on record. Over the entire year, more than 100,000 patients were diagnosed with dengue, of whom more than 160 died of a largely treatable condition. Dhaka, the country’s capital and most densely populated city, was hit the hardest, and many hospitals struggled to find beds for patients.

The country has since learned several important lessons from the experience – including the need for better healthcare infrastructure and engineering solutions to eliminate breeding grounds – though these have not been enough to completely prevent outbreaks. In 2022, Bangladesh counted more than 50,000 cases leading to over 200 deaths, according to the WHO.

Experts say the climate crisis is a big driver of vector-borne infections such as dengue. Rising global temperatures, coupled with stronger and more frequent rains, have pushed mosquitoes well beyond their traditional breeding grounds, exposing more and more people to the virus.

Also dealing with the climate-driven spike in dengue is Sri Lanka, which last week also raised alarms about climbing case counts. According to Dr. Ruwan Wijayamuni, chief medical officer of health at the Colombo Medical Council, a third dengue serotype is spreading in the country for the first time in 12 years, meaning that most people wouldn’t have immunity to it.

Unlike Bangladesh, however, Sri Lanka is ill-prepared for the new serotype. Upul Rohana, head of the Public Health Inspectors Union, said that the country currently still does not employ early warning systems to avert outbreaks.

“We have been fighting dengue for decades. We still use fairly basic methods,” Rohana told The Island. “We need to do something beyond this.”
May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

April 25, 2022
April 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark legal victory for gay soldiers in South Korea; an assault on education and an ethnic community in Afghanistan; the return of an independence leader in Timor-Leste; and ASEAN’s failed five-point consensus on the Myanmar crisis.

April 18, 2022
April 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark victory for Indonesian women; Hong Kong’s forgotten elderly; a proposed law that raises fears of a surveillance state in India; and the freedom that is at risk worldwide.

April 11, 2022
April 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Filipina politician who is in the crosshairs of trolls and haters; Sri Lanka’s heavy-handed tactics; a horrifying new discovery about forced organ harvesting in China; and the major global problem of toxic air.

April 4, 2022
April 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: “delayed” justice for street sleepers in Hong Kong; a problematic draft law that could shut down Thailand’s vibrant civil society; India’s appalling apathy toward Rohingya refugees; and the “crucial weakness” in the governance of global health organizations.

March 28, 2022
March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

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