Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

January 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the overturned acquittal of a pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, Vietnam’s denial of its human rights abuses, Sri Lanka’s new bill regulating online speech and greater international scrutiny of China’s actions in Tibet.

Hong Kong
Unfortunate reversal
Hong Kong’s justice system has delivered yet another blow to the rule of law.

On Jan. 25, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal overturned pro-democracy activist Chow Hang-tung’s acquittal from charges of "inciting an unauthorized assembly" over a vigil she organized in 2021 to commemorate those killed in the 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown.

Chow – one of the former leaders of the now-defunct Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China – was sentenced to 15 months in prison in January 2022 for inciting others to take part in the annual vigil of the Tiananmen Massacre.

Police first banned the candle vigils, which have been held annually since 1990 to remember the thousands of pro-democracy activists killed by the Chinese army, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. These pandemic restrictions on mass gatherings were seen as a convenient excuse for authorities to clamp down on the annual vigil and other mass demonstrations.

The activist won an appeal against her conviction in December 2022 when the High Court ruled in her favor. The judge ruled that the police had lapses of duty when it issued a blanket ban on mass gatherings instead of imposing conditions to reduce the risk of the virus’ spread.

Chow, however, remained in detention for separate charges under the National Security Law.

However, the High Court has now quashed Chow's acquittal and upheld her conviction on the basis that Chow could not challenge the restrictions on public gatherings in her defense in criminal proceedings.

Amnesty International condemned the High Court's decision and said that it could set a precedent for Hong Kong police to "enjoy even greater leeway to restrict peaceful assemblies."

Defying China, the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China had commemorated the Tiananmen protests yearly since its inception in 1989. The group disbanded in September 2021 after Hong Kong authorities arrested its members for "endangering national security” by holding candlelight vigils.

Chow and two other members of the alliance, Tang Ngok Kwan and Tsui Hon Kwong, were convicted in March 2023 for refusing to comply with the police's request for members’ personal information.

Even after easing pandemic restrictions, authorities continue to snuff out all Tiananmen massacre commemorations, and have criminalized all forms of dissent.
Protesters hold a candlelight vigil on the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre, which was held in Hong Kong every year since 1990 until authorities first banned the activity in 2020. (Photo: Shutterstock / Lo Kin-hei)
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Vietnam
In denial of human rights record
Vietnam's leaders have taken exception to a recent report by an international watchdog that rated the country's human rights situation as dire, asserting that the organization’s assessment was based on “factually inaccurate and fabricated information.”

On Jan. 25, Vietnam’s foreign affairs ministry accused Human Rights Watch (HRW), which reviews the human rights records of nearly 100 countries every year, of maliciously targeting Vietnam by painting a false image of its human rights record.

In defending itself, the Vietnam government cited its remarkable socio-economic growth as proof of its protection of human rights. Moreover, they insisted that the country’s improved human rights situation has been "already recognized and highly appreciated" locally and internationally.

In 2023, the Vietnam government celebrated its higher-than-planned 8% economic growth, calling it a "bright spot in the context of a developing country."

A World Bank report in 2022 said a large segment of the population remains “economically vulnerable” and noted the growing gap between the rich and the poor in the country.

A recent report published by the New York-based HRW says Vietnam intensified its repression of activists in 2023. Authorities had imprisoned at least 28 human rights defenders during the first 10 months of the previous year and detained dozens of others on politically motivated charges.

Phil Robertson, HRW Deputy Asia director, said that the Vietnamese government has tried to repair its human rights record by touting its improved relations with the United States and other governments instead of seriously addressing its rights abuses.

Freedom House, another international organization that reviews the democratic freedoms in countries worldwide, has rated Vietnam as "not free" in its Freedom in the World report 2023, citing the country’s strict rules on speech and people's limited political freedoms.

While the right to free expression is enshrined in Vietnam’s Constitution, in practice, authorities keep the media on a tight leash and conduct sham trials related to free expression, Freedom House said. Courts are not independent, while police “routinely flout due process” in arresting bloggers and online activists.

This is not the first time that Vietnam has rejected reports of its rights violations. In 2009, amid  the United Nations' Human Rights Council's scrutiny, Vietnam denied having "prisoners of conscience" despite well-documented evidence showing otherwise.
People protest on the streets of the Vietnam capital of Hanoi, Sept. 25, 2023. (Photo: Shutterstock / Kadagan)
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Sri Lanka
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Yet another repressive law
Sri Lankan lawmakers’ approval of a widely challenged measure aimed at regulating the internet use of the island country’s citizens has raised fears among critics that the new law will lead to arbitrary takedowns of online content in the lead-up to this year’s elections.

The Online Safety Bill, passed by a 108-62 vote, grants a five-member commission wide-ranging powers that include the removal of content and the authority to imprison persons found guilty of posting "illegal" material or using inauthentic accounts for prohibited purposes, among others.

Prior to its passage, over 50 petitions were filed in the Supreme Court to challenge the bill, with several petitioners saying that the draft law was a threat to free speech and expression guaranteed under the Constitution.

The Global Network Initiative (GNI), a group upholding the right to free expression, had flagged the bill for its vague provisions proscribing "false” and "prohibited statements.” The identity or location of those accused of making such statements may be disclosed upon request based on the new law.

Media groups, which, along with members of civil society had asked the government not to pass the bill, are already anticipating the level of self-censorship that would result from having this new law hovering above their heads.

The newly minted law is only the latest in a string of government measures across decades to police the public sphere through legal and extralegal means. The Sri Lankan government had previously imposed a registration requirement for websites with content related to Sri Lanka. It also expanded its “notoriously harsh 1973 Press Council Law” to cover news websites while banning purported false information against the government.

Sri Lankan authorities have also previously demonized social media platforms. Researcher Celia Davies wrote in a 2015 column for GroundViews that the administration of former Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005 to 2015) “branded social media sites such as Facebook a threat to national stability and security.”

On top of online restrictions, the Sri Lankan government has also been quick to resort to legal action for content they deem offensive. In May 2023, a comedian was arrested for comments "defaming Buddhism" during a comedy show. Before that, in 2022, the Parliament summoned and demanded an apology from two journalists for a report that “damaged the honor” of the lawmakers.
The Sri Lankan Parliament, which is housed in the huge complex shown in the photo, recently passed a bill allowing the government to remove online content deemed prohibitive. (Photo: Shutterstock / Ruwan Walpola)
Global/Regional
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United for Tibet
Tibet has moved up higher on the agenda of more United Nations member countries, with a record high 20 states taking China to task over its human rights record in Tibet – more than double the number who had raised similar concerns on the autonomous region in 2018.

On Jan. 23, during China’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in Geneva, representatives of those member countries openly took a stand for Tibet and its human rights situation at the hands of China, which has been in control of Tibet since its violent 1950 invasion of the region that pushed the Dalai Lama into exile.

Together these member states called for the release of arbitrarily detained Tibetan activists and the abolition of mandatory Chinese boarding schools that are forcing at least a million Tibetan children to study a curriculum designed to wipe out the ethnic group’s cultural identity.

The same countries also demanded that China grant U.N. observers full access to Tibet, where high levels of surveillance and censorship make it nearly impossible to determine the real score behind rights violations. Their statements affirmed the religious and cultural rights of Tibetans.

Countries that called out China over its oppressive rule over Tibet for the first time were Estonia, Ireland, Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway, and Japan – the only country from Asia on the list. The other countries were the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, France, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada, and Denmark.

Apart from Japan, which signed a joint statement condemning China’s rights abuses in Tibet and Xinjiang in 2020, no other country in the Asian region took a stand for Tibet during China’s UPR.

China appears to be using its influence to fend off criticism for its actions not only in Tibet but also in Xinjiang and Hong Kong, where the spate of rights violations blamed entirely on the Asian giant has similarly drawn denunciations from the international community and rights defenders across the globe.

Prior to the U.N. review, the East Asian superpower lobbied for support from non-Western countries and asked them to “make constructive recommendations in the interactive dialogue… taking into account the friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries,” according to Reuters.
Twenty U.N. member states took China to task during a public review of its human rights record. (Photo: Shutterstock / hxdbzxy)
January 29, 2024
January 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the overturned acquittal of a pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, Vietnam’s denial of its human rights abuses, Sri Lanka’s new bill regulating online speech and greater international scrutiny of China’s actions in Tibet.

January 22, 2024
January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the historic win of a pro-independence leader in Taiwan, the use of deepfake technology to bolster Indonesian politicians’ electoral campaigns, the outcome of Bhutan’s fourth-ever free elections, and the transactional diplomacy emboldening rights abuses of governments in Asia.

January 8, 2024
January 8, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of the stabbing of a leading opposition leader in South Korea, another political prisoner dying under the rule of the Myanmar junta, Afghanistan’s worst crackdown on women since returning to power, and the upcoming elections in South Asia.

January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Tibetans forced to commemorate the birth anniversary of People’s Republic of China founder Mao Zedong, Singapore’s review of a contentious HIV disclosure law, a fatal mass demonstration in Nepal, and new victims of the globally notorious Pegasus spyware.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

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