Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

March 11, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the impact of border restrictions in North Korea, the next Indonesian president’s problems with democracy, a drastic mistrial in Pakistan, and Thailand’s unexpected defiance of the Myanmar junta.

North Korea
Extreme isolation
North Korea’s “overbroad, excessive and unnecessary” restrictions on movement and trade from 2020 to 2023 has not only worsened the country’s grave humanitarian and human rights situation, but it has also allowed Kim Jong-un to consolidate his power further in the isolationist nation.

These were the findings of a new Human Rights Report published March 7, which looked at the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)’s “overbroad and prolonged responses” to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Measures include the construction of new fences designed to curtail movement and trade in the country’s northern border with China, “shoot-on-sight” orders for border guards, and increasing the number of border security facilities in the area.

These extreme restrictions, HRW said, have turned North Korea, “already effectively a country-wide prison,” into an even more repressive and isolated state.

“The people of North Korea are now almost entirely cut off from the rest of the world, enduring horrific abuses and a calamitous humanitarian situation, with no end in sight,” the report said.

HRW’s report confirms earlier findings about how the yearslong border shutdowns have further restricted access to vital goods and survival necessities, as previously available items from China, obtained through both official and unofficial trade channels, are now limited.

“North Korea’s sealing of its border since 2020 and the unintended effects of U.N. Security Council sanctions since 2017 have increased hardships on the long-suffering North Korean people,” Yoon added.

Even before restrictions were enhanced, North Korea has been among the most isolated and repressive countries in the world that notoriously keeps the movements of its citizens on a tight leash. It restricts interactions with other countries, limits foreign travel, and tightly controls the flow of information inside.

If arrested, North Koreans trying to leave the country without permission to escape a worsening food crisis, among others, are liable to be charged with “treachery against the nation,” which is punishable by death.

Besides reeling from the impact of the pandemic, North Korea is believed to be experiencing its worst famine in history due to international sanctions that were imposed as a response to its ongoing nuclear and ballistic missile testing and launches.
The photo shows Yalu River Border, China’s main border post with North Korea where most trade occurs and North Korea refugees enter, Feb. 15, 2017. (Photo: Shutterstock / Inspired By Maps)
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Indonesia
‘Tiring’ democracy?
Prabowo Subianto, Indonesia’s presumed next president, recently described the country’s democracy as “very tiring,” “messy” and “costly,” while telling Indonesians to be “proud” of the high voter turnout in last month’s elections.

In a speech delivered at an investment forum on March 5, Prabowo, who appears to have won by a huge margin based on the official vote count, said that there is “a lot of room for improvement” in Indonesia’s democracy while boasting about the 80 percent voter turnout in the recent polls.

Prabowo’s bid for the presidency benefited from the tacit support of outgoing Indonesian leader Joko Widodo, who will leave behind a legacy tainted by democratic backsliding and a failure to reform Indonesia’s oligarchy-driven politics.

Party oligarchs – the Widodo regime’s main supporters – are widely believed to have enjoyed greater wealth and power during his presidency thanks to significant deregulation policies that came at the cost of human rights and environmental protection.

That Widodo and his government had suffered no consequences when they interfered in the recent elections shows the extent to which Indonesia’s democratic institutions are vulnerable to oligarchic pressures, Ben Bland, director of the Asia-Pacific programme at Chatham House, said in an analysis for The Conversation.

Prabowo’s track record as defense minister under long-time dictator Suharto has stoked fears of a possible authoritarian rule if and when he assumes the presidency.

After all, the former army general had pledged in previous election campaigns to be a strongman leader, and is hounded by allegations of a string of human rights abuses dating back to the Suharto era. These include “the kidnapping, torture, and possible disappearance of political dissidents,” said the Council on Foreign Relations.

His expected ascension to the top post comes after a successful rebranding campaign that turned him from a human rights violator into a cuddly grandfather-like figure.

Even still, it will not be easy to wrestle democracy from the world’s fourth most populous country, as Bland wrote for Foreign Affairs.

That remains to be seen in a country whose outgoing president was once hailed as “the new face of Indonesian democracy” but who is now seen as a powerful kingmaker.
Incoming Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto, seen here attending a meeting on Feb. 28 in East Jakarta in his capacity as incumbent President Joko Widodo’s defense minister, has described Indonesia’s democracy as “very tiring” and “messy.” (Photo: Shutterstock / syah indo)
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Pakistan
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Fixing a ‘judicial murder’
For almost 44 years, the execution of former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto under the watch of the late General Zia-ul-Haq, who had overthrown Bhutto’s civilian government via a coup in 1977, has cast a pall on the South Asian nation’s justice system.

But on March 6, Pakistan’s Supreme Court finally vindicated Bhutto as the nine-member bench unanimously ruled that the former prime minister was unfairly hanged after a skewed judicial process found him guilty of killing a political rival in 1979.

In its ruling, the Supreme Court asserted that Bhutto’s trial under the Lahore High Court and the subsequent appeal by the Supreme Court failed to meet the requirements of the fundamental right to a fair trial and due process as enshrined in Articles 4 and 9 of the Constitution.

Chief Justice Qazi Faez Isa wrote in his decision: “We didn’t find that the fair trial and due process requirements were met.”

The ruling wraps up a years-long hearing that came after a judicial reference filed by former president Asif Ali Zardari in 2011, who wanted the high tribunal to revisit the death sentence meted out to Bhutto.

Zia’s military coup in 1977 had plunged Pakistan into a dark period of repression. Any judge refusing to take an oath to legitimize his military takeover faced immediate removal. This dismantling of judicial independence created a climate of fear. Years later, former judges, including a former Supreme Court chief justice, confessed to being pressured by Zia into imposing death sentences.

The coup ushered in an 11-year reign of terror where Zia also altered the political landscape by introducing discriminatory electoral practices that forced non-Muslims to register separately and vote only for non-Muslim candidates.

Pakistan’s Supreme Court is notorious for writing several controversial opinions legitimizing military coups and sometimes intervening with the policies and actions of elected institutions. But the Bhutto ruling illustrates how the country’s top court could help the country take the “important first step toward reforming the system to provide justice for those to whom it has long been denied,” said Saroop Ijaz, senior counsel of the Asia Division at Human Rights Watch.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan (shown in photo), the apex court in the judicial hierarchy of Pakistan, has ruled that former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was not given a fair trial when he was hanged for murder in 1979. (Photo: Shutterstock / Azeem aslam)
Global/Regional
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Challenging the junta
Despite the prospect of angering Myanmar’s military junta, Thailand's parliament recently organized a seminar on democracy and security issues along the Thai-Myanmar border, with members of Myanmar’s shadow National Unity Government and ethnic armed organizations speaking during the event.

The junta’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a letter expressing opposition to the seminar due to its “negative impacts” on bilateral relations, prompting Thailand’s Foreign Minister Parnpree Bahiddha-nukara to cancel his speech at the last minute.

The two-day seminar was organized by Rangsiman Rome, a lawmaker from the youth-led opposition Move Forward Party and the head of the House committee on national security and border affairs.

The seminar comes a month after the Thai government announced that it was planning to open a humanitarian aid corridor in Myanmar to provide food and medicine to civilians displaced by the ongoing conflict between the military and armed resistance groups.

This announcement prompted experts to ask if Thailand was changing its stance toward its neighbor. Until the Thai parliament’s seminar, the Thai government was dealing only with the Myanmar military State Administration Council, according to a report by VOA.

An estimated 2.7 million people (or 5 percent of Myanmar’s population) have been displaced since the military coup in February 2021.

Now in its third year, Myanmar’s military rule has been routinely challenged by pro-democracy and ethnic armed groups, while the war has exacted a heavy toll on its people. The U.N. estimates that 18.6 million people will likely require humanitarian aid in 2024.

For this reason, international groups have called on Myanmar’s neighboring countries, such as Thailand, to play a greater role in pursuing peace within the war-torn country.

Brian Wong and Tidarat Yingcharoen said in a recent piece for The Diplomat that Thailand must shepherd countries within ASEAN to pursue more concrete actions against the Myanmar junta, which the regional bloc has failed to do.

Parliamentarians in the region have also urged the Thai government to disengage with the Myanmar junta, which has “shown utter disrespect” to ASEAN by disregarding its “five-point consensus” that involves the cessation of all violence in Myanmar.
Myanmar citizens living in Thailand protest in front of the Myanmar embassy in Bangkok on the occasion of the 2nd anniversary of the coup d'etat in Myanmar led by General Min Aum, Feb. 1, 2023. (Photo: Shutterstock / kan Sangtong)
March 11, 2024
March 11, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the impact of border restrictions in North Korea, the next Indonesian president’s problems with democracy, a drastic mistrial in Pakistan, and Thailand’s unexpected defiance of the Myanmar junta.

March 4, 2024
March 4, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the plummeting birth rates in South Korea, Vietnam’s clampdown on workers’ rights, Nepal police’s use of force against street vendors and the pushback against China’s attempts to spread authoritarianism in the region.

February 26, 2024
February 26, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese LGBTQ’s acts of defiance, the dangers of Malaysia’s new media ethics code, employment struggles among Muslim minorities in India, and the possible use of AI tools by hacker groups to disrupt elections in 2024.

February 19, 2024
February 19, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the arrest of a Tibetan monk over a photo of the Dalai Lama, Myanmar’s mandatory military service for young people, Afghanistan’s collapsing health care system, and the retraction of papers by Chinese researchers over human rights concerns.

February 12, 2024
February 12, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the illegal use of restraint on women inmates in Japan, Singapore's new law allowing “dangerous” offenders to be kept in prison indefinitely, violence and allegations of vote-rigging in Pakistan, and unrest among exploited North Korean workers in China.

February 5, 2024
February 5, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Macao’s urgent need to step up its mental health support services amid the rise in suicides, a major setback in the royal insult law reform campaign in Thailand, the public identification of alleged rights violators among civil servants in Nepal, and police abuses against Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.

January 29, 2024
January 29, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the overturned acquittal of a pro-democracy activist in Hong Kong, Vietnam’s denial of its human rights abuses, Sri Lanka’s new bill regulating online speech and greater international scrutiny of China’s actions in Tibet.

January 22, 2024
January 22, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the imprisonment of Uyghur journalists in China, the conviction of land rights activists in Cambodia, India’s continued crackdown on non-profit organizations, and an alarming number of children forced into institutionalized care in Central Asia and beyond.

January 15, 2024
January 15, 2024

In this week’s edition we look at the historic win of a pro-independence leader in Taiwan, the use of deepfake technology to bolster Indonesian politicians’ electoral campaigns, the outcome of Bhutan’s fourth-ever free elections, and the transactional diplomacy emboldening rights abuses of governments in Asia.

January 8, 2024
January 8, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of the stabbing of a leading opposition leader in South Korea, another political prisoner dying under the rule of the Myanmar junta, Afghanistan’s worst crackdown on women since returning to power, and the upcoming elections in South Asia.

January 1, 2024
January 1, 2024

In this week’s edition, we look at Tibetans forced to commemorate the birth anniversary of People’s Republic of China founder Mao Zedong, Singapore’s review of a contentious HIV disclosure law, a fatal mass demonstration in Nepal, and new victims of the globally notorious Pegasus spyware.

December 18, 2023
December 18, 2023

This week, we look at Macao’s new national security laws, the continued crackdown on dissent in Thailand despite the stunning turnout of the general election in May that inspired hope for political reforms; a new initiative by the Pakistan government to crack down on human traffickers; and the European Union’s imposition of fresh sanctions on members of Myanmar’s junta, including one commander believed to be responsible for deadly airstrikes.

December 25, 2023
December 25, 2023

This week, we look at a major political crisis testing democracy in Japan; Malaysia making a stand against Israel; the breakdown of parliamentary democracy in India; and China’s familiar rebuke against an international body for condemning its actions in Tibet.

December 11, 2023
December 11, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the ramifications of Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Agnes Chow’s decision to escape to Canada; a Filipino advocate being feted for her lifelong work for children; a commemoration of Afghan women activists on International Human Rights Day; and a new report criticizing the failures of the global war on drugs.

December 4, 2023
December 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s expanding influence operations ahead of U.S. elections next year; Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet’s first 100 days in office; the Bangladesh National Party’s boycott of the upcoming 2024 Bangladesh parliamentary elections; and cautious optimism by Asian Indigenous and environmental groups for a newly launched loss and damage funds for climate-vulnerable nations.

November 27, 2023
November 27, 2023

This week, we look at the influx of Rohingya refugees on Aceh, Indonesia's shores; a South Korea court ruling ordering Japan to pay compensation to wartime comfort women; a Pakistani court declaring the jail trial of former Prime Minister Imran Khan illegal; and the impact of corruption on women and girls in the Asia-Pacific.

November 20, 2023
November 20, 2023

This week, we look at abusive conditions endured by Japanese women in prisons; signs of the possible downfall of the Myanmar junta; a Sri Lankan Supreme Court landmark ruling holding the Rajapaksa family responsible for the worst economic crisis that the country has faced; and a sober call to mark World Children’s Day.

November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

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