Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

China
Pushing women to have more babies
Chinese President Xi Jinping has asked women to “actively cultivate a new culture of marriage and childbearing” — or put simply, to have more babies, as the country grapples with declining birth rates and women increasingly turning away from motherhood.

During a talk with the new leadership of the All-China Women’s Federation on Oct. 30, Xi called on Beijing’s women to "create a new trend of family” and to “strengthen guidance on young people's view on marriage, childbirth and family.”

In so doing, he said, women can “contribute their strength to Chinese modernization” and to the Communist ideals of “family harmony, social harmony, national development, and national progress.”

Xi also urged women’s federations to “fine-tune and implement supportive birth policies, enhance the quality of population development and respond to population aging.”

His comments come amid reports that more and more Chinese women are saying “no” to having babies so they can devote themselves to the pursuit of their personal and professional goals. This trend became more apparent after the COVID-19 pandemic, as rising costs of living continue to discourage women from wanting to have children.

These changing views pose a grave challenge to Xi’s vision of a “national rejuvenation,” which requires women to have more children. In January, China’s National Bureau of Statistics reported the population dropped by 850,000 in 2022 — the first decline since the last year of the Great Famine in 1961.

Aside from population decline, China’s birth rate has been steadily falling since the controversial one-child policy was enforced in 1980 and even after it was abolished in 2015.

To boost the nation’s shrinking birth rate, the government now offers monthly stipends and a one-time reward for families having three children. In eastern Shaoxing, couples with three children are offered as much as $50,000 in credit toward a home purchase.

Yet even these incentives do not seem to sway Chinese women wary of the gendered burdens that marriage and motherhood bring.
Chinese women’s evolving views on marriage and motherhood are putting a damper on Beijing’s plans to engineer a baby boom amid a graying population. (Photo: Shutterstock / TonyV3112)
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Bangladesh
Fresh election violence
What was supposed to be a peaceful protest calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina quickly descended into violence as tens of thousands of opposition supporters clashed with police over the weekend.

As of Oct. 29, a police officer and a protester were killed and over 100 people were injured during the protests in the capital Dhaka, which saw dozens of vehicles set on fire and government buildings vandalized. Hundreds of opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) activists were arrested in the protest’s aftermath, including its secretary general Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir.

The protests saw at least 100,000 activists calling on the prime minister to step down and allow a neutral caretaker government to facilitate the upcoming national elections in January. They believe that Hasina, whose 15-year regime is marked by allegations of corruption and gross human rights violations, is incapable of overseeing free and fair elections.

Hasina lashed back at her critics, saying that there was “no need” to lecture her about free and neutral elections, and accused the BNP of trying to curry international sympathy. She has also rejected demands for a caretaker government, reminding the opposition that such a system has been declared unconstitutional since 2011.

Many who know her from her pro-democracy activism days during the 1980s martial law have been shocked by her turnaround since she took office in 2009. Just last month, the Office of the High Commission for Human Rights expressed concerns about her administration’s crackdown on political opponents and human rights defenders, with her security forces accused of carrying out hundreds of extrajudicial killings since 2009.

Hasina herself has repeatedly threatened and incited violence against dissenters and members of the opposition. Last year, she reportedly said that opposition leader Khaleda Zia “should be taken to Padma bridge and dropped into the river.” Ahead of protests in December 2022, Hasina told her Awami League party members that “the hands that would be raised against us have to be broken.”
Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, seen here addressing the media during a press conference in Dhaka in 2016, has rejected the opposition’s calls to install a caretaker government in the leadup to the 2024 national elections. (Photo: Shutterstock / Bayazid Akter)
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Indonesia
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Playing kingmaker
As Indonesia prepares for the 2024 national elections, all eyes are now on incumbent President Joko Widodo amid fears that he is trying to cling onto power even after he leaves office.

This, after Widodo’s endorsed successor, Defense Minister and Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra) chair Prabowo Subianto, named Widodo’s eldest son Gibran Rakabuming Raka as his running mate. Father and son are members of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P).

Prabowo and Raka registered themselves as candidates on Oct. 25 amid rumors of a growing rift between Widodo and PDI-P, which is endorsing former Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo and his running mate, Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs Mahfud MD.

Many fear that Jokowi, as the president is popularly called, who commands approval ratings of 80 percent, could influence the elections and entrench patronage and dynastic politics in what is the world’s third-largest democracy.

The other two presidential candidates have urged him to remain neutral after he has tacitly backed Prabowo and asked his supporters to support their tandem.

Jokowi himself is not shying away from rumors that he’s playing kingmaker. During a June 6 national meeting with PDI-P leaders, the president said he had the “moral obligation” to meddle during the transitional period in 2024 “so that the national leadership can run well without any ripples that could endanger the nation.”

Political analyst Wawan Mas’udi from the University of Gadjah Mada believes that Jokowi was interested in protecting his political legacy, and having his own dynasty to continue his strategic projects after he leaves office “is the safest bet.”

Apart from his son Raka, who is mayor of the city of Surakarta (aka Solo) in central Java, Jokowi’s second son Kaesang Pangarep was appointed chair of the youth-oriented Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI). His brother-in-law, Anwar Usman, chairs the Constitutional Court that expanded the age requirements for presidential and vice presidential candidates, allowing the 36-year-old Raka to run.
Gibran Rakabuming Raka, mayor of the city of Surakarta (aka Solo) in central Java, and eldest son of President Joko Widodo, has confirmed he is running for the vice presidency in a move that analysts say could entrench their family in politics. (Photo: Shutterstock / Sastravila)
Global/Regional
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Protecting the region's pulse
The ice and snow of the majestic Hindu Kush Himalayas mountain range — which stretches over 3,500 kilometers and across central and southern Asia — provides freshwater to almost a quarter of the world’s population. However, climate change is causing its glaciers to melt at an unprecedented rate, which could imperil the lives of the nearly 2 billion people that depend on it.

This is the crisis that the Kathmandu-based International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) wants to bring to the world’s attention ahead of the upcoming 28th U.N. Climate Change Conference (COP28). ICIMOD expressed hope that the recent spate of disasters in the region could spur the world’s governments to acknowledge the “uniqueness and the vulnerability of the region" to global warming.

Just this month alone, a flash flood triggered by a glacial lake outburst killed 77 people in the Indian state of Sikkim. In 2020, in Pakistan’s Chitral village, a teenage girl was killed and 11 people injured when a glacial flood swept away six houses, damaging 16 others.

“Now is the only window of opportunity for us to take firm and immediate, urgent actions,” Pema Gyamtsho, ICIMOD director general, told South China Morning Post. “Science must influence policymakers with the urgency that the actions need to be taken at a pace and scale that is probably unprecedented in the past.”

But beyond global summits, Gyamtsho is hoping that the countries traversed by the mountain range do “regional-level COPs” to collaborate on transboundary environmental issues.

This would be no small feat, especially considering the tensions between the countries straddling the mountain range. A 2021 assessment by the Stockholm Environment Institute found that despite a 2018 pact between India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to set up the Hindu Kush Himalaya Glaciers and Mountain Economy Network, transboundary and cross-border cooperation on disaster risk reduction in the region remains limited.

Early-warning systems are also still lacking, with only three such systems set up in the region: two in Nepal, and none operating across borders, the Stockholm institute said.
The Hindu Kush mountain range, which encompasses an area of mountains in eight countries, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan, is considered a critical ecosystem to almost a quarter of the world's populations. (Photo: Shutterstock / Daniel Prudek)
October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

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