Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

North Korea
Meeting words with fire
A month after South Korea struck down a 2020 law banning the sending of anti-Pyongyang propaganda to the north, a bellicose North Korea raised the stakes and threatened to pour “a shower of shells” over Seoul should its activists insist on sending leaflets over the border.

In a statement published by the state-run Korean Central News Agency, Pyongyang warned that any “psychological warfare,” including the anti-Pyongyang leafleting campaign, will act as a "detonator" for the end of South Korea and its “bulwark of puppets.”

Moreover, there was “no guarantee that such military conflicts as in Europe and the Middle East would not break out on the Korean peninsula," Kim said, referring to Russia's war in Ukraine and the armed conflict between Israel and Hamas.

This is the first time North Korea has commented on the September ruling by Seoul’s Constitutional Court, which overturned a 2020 law criminalizing leafleting for being an excessive restriction on free speech. The petition to overturn it was filed by North Korean defector-activists led by Park Sang-hak, who used huge helium-filled balloons to launch leaflets, U.S. dollar bills and USB sticks containing information about world news over the demilitarized zone.

Often, the leaflets contained Christian messages or criticisms of the dynastic rule of North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-un, who is often caricatured as a pig or child.

The activists saw the law, passed under the previous liberal government of Moon Jae-in as part of efforts to engage North Korea more, as an unacceptable concession to the Kim regime, which has kept a tight control over the information received by its 26 million people.

While the statement may seem like a dramatic overresponse, Pyongyang in the past has not hesitated to retaliate with firepower over the leaflets. In 2014, the two Koreas exchanged machine gun fire across the border after the North apparently tried to shoot down balloons carrying propaganda leaflets.

In 2020, North Korea blew up the inter-Korean liaison office used for talks with Seoul in the North’s border town of Kaesong over the anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets sent via balloon by defectors.
A North Korean woman walks past anti-war slogans and posters in Pyongyang, North Korea’s capital city. (Photo: Shutterstock / Truba7113)
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Vietnam
A heritage site on edge
The once-brilliant turquoise waters of Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay – considered a World Heritage site by UNESCO – is now spoiled by the ongoing construction of a residential and hotel complex on its borders, sparking public outcry over the degradation of the country’s most recognizable natural feature.

On Nov. 6, state media published pictures of an enormous construction site running through the waters of Ha Long Bay and the adjacent Bai Tu Long Bay in northeastern Quang Ninh province. The project owner, Do Gia Capital, said they were laying the groundwork for a complex consisting of 451 villas and houses, multiple seven-storey hotels and other service features across 318,000 square meters of Ha Long Bay’s “buffer zone,” which was supposed to be an additional layer of protection to a World Heritage property.

Environmental groups have long sounded the alarm on sea encroachment in Ha Long Bay, declared a world heritage site twice in 1994 and 2000. Rapid urbanization and overtourism have likewise damaged the Ha Long Bay’s ecosystem, which has battled plastic blight since March of this year.

The situation underscored how Vietnam, under the leadership of the Communist Party, has emphasized economic growth at the expense of the environment. A 2021 study showed that even if pro-environmental advocates organize in Vietnam, the movements “have limited success due to the dominating pro-growth interests” – that is, the government and business elites – “that have more power.” This also explains Vietnam’s brutal crackdown on environmental defenders, with five of them arrested over charges of tax evasion in the last two years alone.

In 2020, the biennial Environmental Performance Index report gave Vietnam a poor environmental scorecard – ranking 150 out of 180 governments for struggling to conserve its protected areas, especially its marine ecosystems.

An advisory mission by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2018 urged Vietnam’s local government to consider a gamut of measures, including better waste disposal, and to “stop the extent of existing development” in the bay’s buffer zone to mitigate any further negative impacts on Vietnam’s natural wonder.
The picturesque Ha Long Bay – a UNESCO World Heritage Site – in Vietnam’s northeastern Quang Ninh province is now threatened by the construction of a hotel and residential complex along its buffer zone. (Photo: Shutterstock / Nguyen Quang Ngoc Tonkin)
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Nepal
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Protecting privacy or censorship?
Nepal has decided to fully ban the use of TikTok for its 30 million citizens, joining the growing list of countries that have banned the popular social media platform feared to be under China’s influence.

The ban was announced on Nov. 13 shortly after a Cabinet meeting, during which the government decided it was “necessary to regulate the use of social media platforms that disrupt social harmony, goodwill and flow of indecent materials.”

Specifically, Nepal’s officials were apprehensive about TikTok content that stoked sectarian hate and violence hate, which has forced the government to impose curfews and deploy police. The New York Times reported that some of the “toxic content” flagged by the government were attacks against Hindus, Muslims and some Indigenous communities over the slaughter of cows, a sacred animal to Hinduism.

It is the second South Asian country after India to block the short-form video app, which supposedly registered more than 1,600 cybercrime related cases over the last four years in Kathmandu. Other countries like the United States and its Five Eyes intelligence alliance partners (Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand) have also banned the use of TikTok on devices issued to government workers, citing fears of possible Chinese interference and surveillance.

TikTok’s parent company ByteDance, which has offices in Beijing, has long maintained that it works independently of and does not share data with the Chinese government. Despite that, officials fear that TikTok could be forced to give its user data to Beijing under the draconian 2017 national security law, which compels companies to turn over any personal data relevant to China’s national security.

However, free speech advocates like Fight for the Future director Evan Greer have criticized such bans as “xenophobic showboating” that singles out TikTok for being a Chinese platform, and instead urged governments—the U.S. in particular—to advocate for basic private laws that ban companies from collecting so much sensitive data in the first place.
Nepal has joined the list of countries that have banned the popular social media platform TikTok, saying it is “disrupting social harmony.” (Photo: Shutterstock / Kaspars Grinvalds)
Global/Regional
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Systemic roadblocks to development
Even as it is forecast to contribute two-thirds of the world’s economic growth this year, Asia Pacific’s stark poverty and inequality continue to plague the region as democratic erosion, political unrest, and the climate crisis stymie its efforts for a wealthier future.

A new report by the U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) published earlier this month highlights this disturbing reality.

According to the report many Asian countries are likely to achieve the U.N.’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals only by 2065 instead of 2030, citing the continuing shocks brought by the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of Russia’s war on Ukraine on living costs.

Even now, the UNDP said, the richest 10 percent in the region command over half the total income, with the highest wealth inequality observed in China, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Moreover, 185 million people remained “extremely poor” in absolute terms (earning less than US$2.15 a day) and 1 billion more classified as “societally poor,” or living on half the region’s median income.

There have been, however, some improvements: for example, adult literacy rates rose from 66 to 86 percent, tertiary completion rose from 19 to 36 percent, under-5 mortality plummeted from 83 to 22 per thousand live births, and life expectancy increased from 64 years to 72, underpinning remarkable achievements in human development.

But these benefits, the report said, are not equally shared. “Unmet aspirations amid high levels of human insecurity make for a volatile and potentially combustible combination, making it even harder to achieve cohesive human development,” the report warned.

This year’s report expands on last year’s findings that human development has declined in 90 percent of the world’s countries – the first time in 32 years that the agency recorded reversals. The COVID-19 pandemic as well as the war in Ukraine has caused inequality between developed and developing countries to widen.

Last year, a report from World Inequality Lab found that between 1995 and 2021, the top 1 percent captured a third of the world’s wealth, while the bottom 50 percent captured only a measly 2 percent. As poverty rose, global billionaire wealth also soared.
The Asia-Pacific region, home to more than half of the world’s population, is having trouble achieving the 17 U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, beset as it is by systemic poverty, inequality, and a broader democratic backsliding. (Photo: Shutterstock / Urmoment)
November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023

This week’s edition takes a look at North Korea’s bellicose response to a South Korean court overturning a law that criminalized anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets; the degradation of Vietnam’s most recognizable heritage site; Nepal’s ban of Tiktok; and a sobering reality check for the Asia-Pacific region.

November 6, 2023
November 6, 2023

In this week's edition, we look at a renewed push from Washington to expand existing sanctions against Hong Kong officials; the poor conditions facing Afghan refugees fleeing Pakistan ahead of a Nov. 1 deportation order; Manila’s exit from China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative; and the continuing backslide of democracy worldwide for the sixth year in a row.

October 30, 2023
October 30, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Chinese President Xi Jinping urging women to have more babies; Indonesian President Joko Widodo’s moves to build a political dynasty; election-related violence exploding in Bangladesh; and calls to protect a mountain range that serves as the lifeline of a quarter of the world’s population.

October 23, 2023
October 23, 2023

In this edition, we look at renewed hopes for LGBTQI+ equality in Japan; a possible crime against humanity committed in Myanmar’s Kachin State; a decades-long fight for the disappeared in Sri Lanka; and renewed efforts to improve North Korea’s human rights record.

October 16, 2023
October 16, 2023

This week, we look at G7 chair Japan’s restrained response to the fresh Israeli-Palestinian conflict that broke out in Gaza last week; the removal of a national holiday that marked the Philippines’ transition to democracy; a Bangladeshi court granting bail to two of its most prominent activists; and continued resistance to China and Indonesia’s win at the U.N. Human Rights Council.

October 9, 2023
October 9, 2023

In this edition, we look at the consequences of the ongoing conflict in both Pakistan and Israel; how a Cambodian court denied three activists the chance to receive a prize for their environmental work; and how China's censors worked overtime to scrub the internet of a photograph.

October 2, 2023
October 2, 2023

This week, we look at the rise of anti-Muslim hate speech in India in the first half of the year; a “cult” in the Philippines that was revealed to have been victimizing young girls; the lifting of a ban on anti-Pyongyang propaganda for its unconstitutional restriction on free speech; and how human rights defenders across the world are facing reprisals for working with the U.N.

September 25, 2023
September 25, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at free speech in Southeast Asia, a gender equality quota in India’s house, the lese majeste law in Thailand, and the enduring effects of the Beijing-sponsored National Security Law in Hong Kong.

September 18, 2023
September 18, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Taiwan’s housing crisis, the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in Myanmar, freedom of information in Malaysia, and the questionable appointment practices of Pakistan’s caretaker government.

September 11, 2023
September 11, 2023

This week, we look at domestic worker rights in Macao, potential government complicity in Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings, ramping school surveillance in the Philippines, and China’s continued protest against the release of Fukushima wastewater.

September 4, 2023
September 4, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the upcoming G20 meeting, South Asia’s rapid descent into surveillance, starvation and secrecy in North Korea, and Hun Sen’s triumphant return to Facebook despite having demonstrably violated its policies.

August 28, 2023
August 28, 2023

In this edition, we will look at mounting anti-Christian violence in India and Pakistan, Hong Kong’s crackdown on artistic expression, the roster of Presidential candidates in Singapore, and the enduring problem of human trafficking in India.

August 21, 2023
August 21, 2023

In this week’s edition, we are looking at Taiwan’s weak cybersecurity, the state of disability equality in Nepal, Cambodia’s pro-business courts, and the challenges that humanitarian workers worldwide endure in the performance of their duties.

August 14, 2023
August 14, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s belligerence in the South China Sea, South Korea’s growing mental health problem, the Myanmar junta’s crimes against humanity, and the imminent implementation of Sharia law in Afghanistan.

August 7, 2023
August 7, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at China’s newest round of internet restrictions, Pakistan kowtowing to the IMF’s demands, the Sedition Act in Malaysia, and the climate injustice drowning large swathes of Asia.

July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at youth extremism in Singapore, child sexual exploitation in Taiwan, Sri Lanka’s 40th year commemorations for Black July, and North Korea’s first foreign guest since the pandemic.

July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023

This week, we are looking at Cambodia’s sham elections, growing anti-trans hate in Japan, the royalist barrier stemming Thailand’s progressive wave, and Bangladesh’s worsening economic crisis.

July 17, 2023
July 17, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the precarious situation in Myanmar, India’s achievements against poverty, Hong Kong’s ongoing crackdown on dissent, and the state of population control across Asia.

July 10, 2023
July 10, 2023

In this edition, we look at domestic violence in South Korea, the deteriorating peace situation in Sri Lanka, Cambodia’s vindictive ban on Meta’s Oversight Board members, and Japan’s plan to dump treated radioactive water from the Fukushima incident into the Pacific Ocean.

July 3, 2023
July 3, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at Laos’s environmental laws, the Philippines’ online casino-related human trafficking problem, Nepal’s recent ruling on same-sex marriage, and China’s new “education initiative” to sway public opinion toward reunification.

June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

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