Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

Read more below.

Southeast Asia
Overcrowded and underfunded
In the Philippines, hundreds of jails are operating at nearly four times their capacity.

This was a key takeaway from the Commission on Audit’s annual report on the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), the country’s agency primarily responsible for directing and supervising jails across the archipelago, according to a report by Philstar.

In 2022, the BJMP found that nearly 68 percent of the Philippines’ 478 jails – corresponding to 323 facilities – are “heavily congested,” with occupancy rates reaching beyond 2,700 percent. In 323 jails, for instance, the total population reached 118,304 whereas their ideal capacity was only 31,316 inmates. This meant that these jails were overpopulated by 86,718 prisoners.

In turn, such a grave degree of congestion could lead to unhealthy, inhumane, and potentially dangerous living conditions for prisoners.

Overcrowding has been a perpetual problem for Philippine prisons. A 2014 visit by the U.N.’s Commission on Human Rights found that even at the time, jails operated at way beyond 100 percent capacity. The situation only worsened when former president Rodrigo Duterte rose to power in 2016 and launched the Philippines’ most sweeping and carceral law enforcement operation in recent history: the war on drugs.

Duterte’s crusade against illegal substances – which also opened the doors to extrajudicial shootings that threatened anyone even remotely accused of using drugs – catapulted the Philippines onto the top spot of the list of the countries with the highest jail occupancy in the world in 2020.

The Philippines’ congestion crisis is a multi-faceted problem and a perfect storm of several systemic issues layered on top of each other, according to the Commission on Human Rights.

Chief of this is the central government’s lack of sustained and sufficient funding to support the construction of more dignified detention facilities. But international criminology expert Raymund Narag said merely building more jails is not a sustainable solution to prison congestion, adding that the government must also review its policies for the detention of low-risk offenders.

Jail overcrowding is also aggravated by the slow disposition of cases and heavily clogged court dockets.
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South Asia
No safe (cyber)space for children
India is home to almost a fifth of the world’s children, so one would think that the South Asian superpower would have implemented some of the world’s most powerful protective measures for the youth.

But a national conference held last week revealed that this was not the case.

According to data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), India saw at least 969 cases related to the online transmission of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) in 2022. According to the non-profit Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN), CSAM refers to videos and photos that depict children in situations of child abuse.

In India, the online sharing of CSAM in 2022 was much worse than in previous years: There were only 805 such cases in 2021, 842 in 2020, and 164 In 2019, according to the Bureau. Still, this might not even capture the whole picture – the true extent of CSAM may be even deeper than what the NCRB’s data showed.

“The data pertaining to CSAM may not reflect the total number of cases,” Vivek Gogia, NCRB director, said during the conference, which was organized by the country’s National Human Rights Commission. India, after all, does not have an automatic monitoring system for such cases, and has very weak public reporting, understanding, and sensitivity regarding the issue.

India ratified the U.N.’s Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1992, but the country has yet to step up to the demands of the declaration. According to ClearIAS, a leading education-technology start-up in India, only around 3 percent of child sexual abuse cases have been reported to law enforcement. Due to the strong sociocultural stigma surrounding sex and sexual abuse, the vast majority of cases are swept under the rug.

The dawn of the internet and the COVID-19 pandemic only made things worse. Amid sweeping lockdowns in 2020, which forced huge swathes of India indoors and online, cybercrimes committed against children, which included cases of sexual abuse and exploitation, exploded by more than 400 percent from 2019 figures, according to an analysis by the NCRB.

The steep rise in online child sexual abuse has taken place against the backdrop of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act passed in 2012. The law criminalized all forms of sexual abuse against children. Non-profits have risen to the occasion while much more work needs to be done by the government to protect children in cyberspace.

Delhi-based Sakshi launched a digital campaign in 2020 to improve the public’s awareness, while international groups CyberPeace Foundation and the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children teamed up in 2022 to form special police units against the online sexual exploitation of children in the country.
Figure: Graph showing the increasing number of transmitted CSAM in India through the years. Despite the already-alarming figures, authorities are quick to point out that this may still be only a fraction of the total number of cases.
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Northeast Asia
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Keeping conservativism alive in Hong Kong
For the first time since its founding in 1982, the Gay Games, an international sporting and cultural event, will be held in Asia. Hosting the historic moment is Hong Kong, which will share the responsibility with Mexico, the first Latin American country to host the Games.

Last week, however, Hong Kong's conservative forces launched a protest opposing the Games. Representatives from several local groups branded the event indecent, obscene, and a threat to the Hong Kong's traditional values.

Protesters called on lawmakers to stand against the Games. Several top authorities, including Chief Executive John Lee and Secretary for Security Chris Tang, stopped by the demonstrations to receive petition letters. Some officials have even shown support and sympathy for the protesters.

Priscilla Leung, member of Hong Kong's Legislative Council, said that children in Western countries were exposed to morals that go against "traditional values," and that Hong Kong should not "go down this bad path."

This protest – and the support it's garnered from some of the territory's top leaders – reveal the strong conservative values that still pervade Hong Kong.

According to the Equality Index of Equaldex, an online LGBT rights knowledge platform, Hong Kong is still only mildly friendly to sexual minorities. Out of a maximum 100, the territory ranked only 66, indicating that despite the guarantee of some freedoms and rights, the LGBT community still faces several systemic challenges – particularly regarding public perception and a largely backwards recognition policy.

For instance, there are no laws that provide comprehensive and sweeping protections against gender-based discrimination. LGBT couples are also not afforded the right of marriage or civil unions. Survey data from the Index also showed that majority of respondents would prefer to not have homosexuals as neighbors, while nearly one in three find homosexuality unjustifiable.
Global/Regional
Asia’s human rights in the spotlight – anew
On the agenda of the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s 53rd regular session (June 19 to July 14) –are women's rights, the Rohingya crisis, the climate crisis, and the role of cyberspace in information literacy and the freedom of expression.

Asia, as it happens, is an important battleground for all four issues.

In Myanmar, for example, the Rohingya and other ethnic minorities have suffered years of systemic, often violent, repression. Thousands upon thousands have either been killed or displaced, while around a million remain in refugee camps in various places across the region, according to a statement by Nada Al-Nashif, U.N. Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights.

The situation has only deteriorated after Myanmar’s military forcefully grabbed power from the democratically elected government. “The military coup of February 2021 and violent repression in many parts of Myanmar have inflicted more suffering on minority communities, including Rohingya Muslims,” Al-Nashif added.

Sustainable and substantial improvements in the current state of the Rohingya in Myanmar will require broad and radical reforms, including the repeal of discriminatory laws and the initiation of an honest, inclusive, and constructive dialogue toward national reconciliation. Al-Nashif also recommends that Myanmar’s leadership enact measures to uphold and protect the rights and dignity of the Rohingya Muslims.

Beyond Myanmar, the U.N. HRC meeting also tackled the enduring, if not worsening, state of women’s rights in Afghanistan. Richard Bennet, U.N. Special Rapporteur, revealed during a session that there have been no substantial improvements in the human rights situation in Afghanistan, “certainly not for women and girls whose predicament has only worsened, nor for others in the population who are marginalized.”

The Taliban’s atrocities against women and girls “may constitute the crime against humanity of gender persecution,” Bennet added, pointing to the sever, systematic, and institutionalized discrimination against women. Still, some avenues remain – including open dialogue through U.N. offices and other global partners – through which the international community can apply strong diplomatic pressure.
June 26, 2023
June 26, 2023

In this edition, we look at the ongoing U.N. Human Rights Council’s regular session, jail overcrowding in the Philippines, the formidable force of conservativism in Hong Kong, and online child sexual abuse in India.

June 19, 2023
June 19, 2023

In this edition, we look at Sri Lanka’s tightening grip on the media, Thailand’s growing tension with the throne, the dire state of migrant workers in Southeast Asia, and Japan’s dark history of eugenics.

June 12, 2023
June 12, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at North Korea’s spiking suicide rate, Russia-China military drills, Afghanistan’s enduring and ironic dependence on international aid, and Vietnam’s energy crisis.

June 5, 2023
June 5, 2023

In this edition, we look at Pakistan’s tense negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, Indonesia’s crackdown on online speech, and China’s youth unemployment problem and unwillingness to engage in level-headed discussions over security matters in the region.

May 29, 2023
May 29, 2023

In this edition, we look at a contentious land use bill in the Philippines, a new mobile device management policy in Nepal, the growing support for gender equality in Taiwan, and what Thailand’s new progressive government might mean for Myanmar.

May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

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