Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

Global/Regional
Forced to abandon Afghan women
When the Taliban rose to power after the U.S.’s catastrophic withdrawal from Afghanistan in September 2021, the extremist group promised to uphold the rights of women and girls, and ensure their equal participation in Afghan society.

The Taliban rulers have not only reneged on their vow but they has also spent the last 19 months continuously ramping up its oppression of women and undoing decades of gender equality progress in the country. The latest casualty in the Taliban’s misogynistic warpath is the U.N., which last week said it was prepared to withdraw from Afghanistan if the extremist leaders refuse to scale back restrictions on local women staffers.

In April, the Taliban banned Afghan women employees of the U.N. from working, a decision that crippled the operations of the international body in Afghanistan. Over the next two days, the U.N. instructed all of its approximately 3,300 local employees – both male and female – to stay at home and refrain from reporting to work. Around 400 women work for the UN in Afghanistan.

“Such orders, as we saw today, violate the fundamental rights of women and infringe upon the principle of non-discrimination. Female staff members are essential to ensure the continuation of the UN operations on the ground in Afghanistan,” Stéphane Dujarric, spokesperson for the U.N. Secretary-General, said in a press briefing.

The Taliban believes that despite the ban on women employees, the U.N. is free to operate in Afghanistan. But the global body said the Taliban decision was unacceptable and that it was ready to make the “heartbreaking” decision to move out of the country in May if negotiations with the de facto regime fall apart.

A February report by the transnational NGO International Crisis Group found that the Taliban regime’s repression of women and girls pushes international donors away, which in turn only leads to worse economic conditions for Afghans. If the U.N. does withdraw, it could only aggravate this situation, leaving hundreds of thousands of Afghan women at the mercy of a chauvinist and extremely conservative government.
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Southeast Asia
The Philippines’ learning crisis
The pandemic has forced schools all over the world to adopt asynchronous and online modes of education, which experts have found to have an overall negative effect on not only the students’ well-being, but also on their learning.

In the Philippines, which has suspended in-person schooling for more than two years, this has triggered an education crisis.

The state of education in the country was already poor to begin with. In 2018, the Philippines decided to participate in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), a worldwide education study run by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), for the first time.

The results were tragic. Filipino students ranked last in terms of Reading and was second-to-the-last in Math and Science. For comparison, fellow Southeast Asian country Singapore ranked second in all subjects.

The OECD hasn’t conducted a post-pandemic run of the PISA yet. But in 2022, the World Bank released its Learning Poverty Brief, which found that learning poverty in the Philippines was “56.4 percentage points higher than the average for the East Asia and Pacific Region and 30.5 percentage points higher than the average for lower-middle income countries.”

Leaning poverty is the inability to read and understand an age-appropriate text by the age of 10 years. It is an indicator used by the Bank to assess inclusive and equitable quality education in a country.

This education crisis has led to batches of under-qualified job-seekers, with the government itself requiring a college degree for entry-level jobs, despite the country’s K-to-12 system that supposedly ensures learners are ready for employment after graduating from high school.

The World Bank Brief also suggested that a substantial part of the problem is poor funding for primary education in the Philippines. Per child, the country allots US$569 for their primary education, which is 83.5 percent lower than the regional standard and 29.5 percent below the average investment of other lower-middle income countries. The Alliance of Concerned Teachers, a progressive party-list, acknowledged this problem and last year urged the Marcos administration to double the education budget.

For 2023, Marcos proposed a more than Php 710 billion (US$12.77 billion) education budget, up nearly 20 percent from the year before. In the Basic Education Report 2023, held last January, Marcos said that his administration “will, at no point, scrimp on investment in our educational sector and in our young learners.”
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Northeast Asia
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Japan: The long, arduous road to marriage equality
Despite its economic and technological progress, Japan still grapples with conservative, often backward, ways of thinking, particularly as regards the LGBTQ+ community.

Last week, ahead of the G7 meeting being hosted in Japan, activist groups held a public demonstration to urge the government to legalize same-sex marriage and enact anti-discrimination legislation that would afford the LGBTQ+ community equal rights and protections.

These calls come after Masayoshi Arai, a high-ranking aide of Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, made derogatory comments against sexual minorities, triggering a public backlash that forced Kishida to dismiss him. "Executive secretary Arai's remarks totally contradict the government's policy and are inexcusable," the Prime Minister said.

Japan is the only G7 member country that hasn’t legalized same-sex marriage and that is lacking legal safeguards for the LGBTQ+ community. A 2021 report by the OECD found that of all member countries, Japan had the second-worst level of legal inclusivity for the LGBTQ+ community, better only than Turkey. Northeast Asian neighbor Korea also performs poorly, placing just one rank above Japan.

Akira Nishiyama, executive officer of the Japan Alliance for Legislation to Remove Social Barriers based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, said in a 2022 interview with international civil society organization Civicus that only about 10 percent of LGBTQ+ people in Japan are able to safely come out at their workplace.

Majority of the community, on the other hand, remain in the closet out of fear. Suicide attempts are nearly six times higher among sexual minorities, Nishiyama said.

Despite these figures, Kishida’s administration continues to take a cautious, if not conservative, approach to the rights of sexual minorities. At a parliamentary session just a few days before Arai’s comments were made public, Kishida said that the country needs to be “extremely careful in considering” same-sex marriage, “as it could affect the structure of family life in Japan.”

In March, just a month after he sacked Arai, Kishida insisted that the Japan’s ban on same-sex marriage is not discriminatory, and that marriage as enshrined in the country’s constitution only applies to heterosexual couples.
South Asia
Speeding toward a constitutional crisis
Last week, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) told the country’s Supreme Court that it had not yet received funds from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), which was meant to support the upcoming Punjab elections on May 14.

Citing the fraught political environment and the deteriorating state of security in the country, the ECP also expressed its apprehensions about pushing through with the May polls, saying that it would be unable to ensure free, fair, and peaceful elections in Punjab.

This comes after the country’s National Assembly rejected a motion, put forth by the State Minister for Finance and Revenue, to release Rs 21 billion (USD 74 million) to the federal government, to support upcoming elections in two provinces.

This budgetary deadlock is only the latest development in an impending constitutional free-for-all that will see the branches of Pakistan’s government go head-to-head with each other – and with its disgraced Prime Minister Imran Khan.

Khan kicked off the political debacle a year ago, in April 2022, when he was ousted as Pakistan’s Prime Minister following a no-confidence vote, driven by the country’s worsening economic situation and political disagreements regarding foreign policy. Khan soon rallied his supporters, who flooded the streets to protest the parliament’s decision.

In January, the pro-Khan coalition used their majorities to dissolve the legislatures in Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in a bid to force early national elections. According to Pakistan’s constitution, the government must hold elections within 90 days of a provincial legislature’s dissolution.

The government, now led by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, wants to delay the polls, citing the need to focus on reviving the country’s economy and win a bailout package from the International Monetary Fund.

The country’s highest court decided narrowly in Khan’s favor. Voting 3–2 the Supreme Court ruled that the Punjab elections should be held on May 14. Sharif’s government has refused to honor the Court’s ruling and has instead deferred the matter to the parliament.

Khan started the chain of events leading to the current deadlock, and he now is also in a position to break it. The disgraced Prime Minister’s camp is currently pressuring Pakistan’s ECP to uphold the Court’s decision, while also strengthening his ties with other powerful political players in the country, including the military and the U.S.
April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

April 25, 2022
April 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark legal victory for gay soldiers in South Korea; an assault on education and an ethnic community in Afghanistan; the return of an independence leader in Timor-Leste; and ASEAN’s failed five-point consensus on the Myanmar crisis.

April 18, 2022
April 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark victory for Indonesian women; Hong Kong’s forgotten elderly; a proposed law that raises fears of a surveillance state in India; and the freedom that is at risk worldwide.

April 11, 2022
April 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Filipina politician who is in the crosshairs of trolls and haters; Sri Lanka’s heavy-handed tactics; a horrifying new discovery about forced organ harvesting in China; and the major global problem of toxic air.

April 4, 2022
April 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: “delayed” justice for street sleepers in Hong Kong; a problematic draft law that could shut down Thailand’s vibrant civil society; India’s appalling apathy toward Rohingya refugees; and the “crucial weakness” in the governance of global health organizations.

March 28, 2022
March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

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