Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

Global
Rallying around Myanmar: A tad too late?
Following an air raid that left dozens of resistance fighters and civilians dead, Tom Andrews, the U.N. Special Rapporteur on human rights in Myanmar, blasted an indifferent international community and the powerful benefactors supplying the junta with weapons.

“How many Myanmar children need to die before world leaders take strong, coordinated action to stop this carnage?” Andrews said in a tweet.

On Tuesday, two days before Thingyan, the Burmese new year festival, Myanmar’s military junta dropped two bombs and opened aerial fire over the Pa Zi Gyi village in the Kanbalu Township of Myanmar’s northwestern Sagaing Region. The air strikes targeted a small inauguration ceremony for the opening of a People’s Administration Team office, a survivor told The Irrawady.

The office was to operate under the National Unity Government (NUG). The junta has branded the NUG a terrorist organization.

“The bomb hit a crowd of around 150 people. Some victims were toddlers and other young children,” the survivor said. “Most of the victims were women, including around 10 pregnant women.”

Latest NUG estimates put the death toll at over 160, according to a report by Myanmar Now.

In an interview with Voice of Asia, Andrews called on the international community to form what he called an “action coalition” – to come together not merely in writing, but also in concrete measures taken to deny the junta the resources that they need and cut their supply of weapons.

Failing to do so, Andrew warns, will not only lead to more deaths and human rights violations, but will also mean that the international community would have just watched while these atrocities took place.

It might be a bit too late to evade charges of encouragement by indifference, however. After all, since the junta upended the people’s democratic voice in a coup, they have proven themselves a ruthless group with almost no regard for human life and even less restraint. In their almost two years in power, Myanmar’s military leaders have illegally detained some 20,000 people and have killed over 3,000.

All the while, the regional bloc ASEAN has refused to take a strong stance against the junta and its atrocities, at times even taking steps that have only served to legitimize the junta.
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China
Of outbreaks and lessons in transparency
In a bulletin published last week, the WHO reported the first casualty due to the A(H3N8) avian influenza in China.

The patient, a 56-year-old woman from Guangdong province, first showed signs of sickness in late February and was hospitalized on March 3 for severe pneumonia. She died on March 16. The National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China reported the incident to the WHO on March 27.

Epidemiological assessments found that the patient had had multiple exposures to live poultry and wild birds before she got sick. Her close contacts have been traced, though none have showed symptoms of the infection so far.

The A(H3N8) subtype of avian influenza is among the most common in birds worldwide and is known to be endemic in other animals, such as dogs and horses. Cross-over to humans, however, is very rare. Only two other cases have been reported so far, detected in April and May 2022. One patient developed only mild disease, while the other reached critical status.

All three human A(H3N8) cases have been traced to China.

While available virological data indicate that the risk of human-to-human spread is low for A(H3N8), the WHO nevertheless stressed the importance of stringent global surveillance mechanisms to avoid outbreaks.

Around three years ago, the COVID-19 pandemic started under eerily similar circumstances. In late December 2019, people living near a wet market in China’s Wuhan city started showing symptoms of pneumonia, though the origins of the disease were unknown.

While the WHO initially praised China's government for being quick and decisive with public health measures, it would eventually come to light that the Chinese Communist Party had withheld crucial information that, if made public earlier, might have helped other countries prepare for the virus better.

Chinese government offices, for example, sat on the virus’ genetic sequences and crucial patient data for more than a week before turning them over to the WHO. Over the following months, China stuck to this brand of strict secrecy as the world scrambled to find the true origin of the pandemic, bristling at various international efforts to investigate not just the Wuhan wet market but also a nearby virological lab.

The A(H3N8) avian flu is not the coronavirus, and even the WHO recognizes its low risk for spread. But if there’s anything that China, the WHO, and the international should have learned from the pandemic, it’s that there is no clamping down on outbreaks. Early and complete transparency, even at the cost of national image and the risk of global ire, is invaluable.
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South Asia
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No end in sight to pandemic
The recent surge in COVID-19 cases to alarming levels in India shows clearly that the pandemic is not yet over. Experts point to the virus’ emerging Omicron subvariant XBB.1.16, also dubbed Arcturus, as the culprit.

Compared with the currently globally predominant XBB.1.5 Omicron subvariant, Arcturus bears two new mutations on its spike protein, according to a pre-print scientific article. These do not necessarily make the emergent variant more lethal than other circulating strains, but they do result in a much more transmissible virus.

The preprint estimates that Arcturus could spread 17 percent more quickly than XBB.1.5. The WHO designated Arcturus as a “variant under monitoring” in its Weekly Epidemiological Update published March 30.

In the densely packed cities of India, Arcturus’ high transmissibility led to thousands upon thousands of new cases. In fact, last week, the country counted more than 45,000 new cases, a threefold jump from the week before, according to a report from The National.

Seeking to control case counts, the Ministry of Health has launched a campaign to promote, once again, public health measures against Covid-19. These include wearing masks, washing hands, and staying away from public places. India drastically eased its pandemic restrictions in March 2022.

To aid the government’s efforts, the Serum Institute of India has also restarted its production of Oxford-AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine Covishield. The Institute has more than 6 million doses of Novavax’s Covovax ready tor roll out.

Also grappling with Arcturus’ strong transmissibility is Nepal, which last week found the emerging variant in all swabs collected from coronavirus-positive patients. Doctors in the country suspect that Arcturus could now be the dominant variant in the country.

Nepal first detected Arcturus in early April.

As in the case of India, Arcturus will put Nepal’s public health infrastructure to the test. Amid rising cases, the country’s finance ministry is cutting down the health budget. In an interview with The Kathmandu Post, an unnamed Health Ministry official said that they were instructed to reduce the annual budget “by up to 42 percent.”

It does not help that the South Asian nation is also currently without a health minister and its National Immunization Advisory Committee, which was tasked to make important decisions regarding vaccination, ended its tenure last December 2022.

Vaccination had also always been difficult for Nepal. Despite being one of the first countries in the region to start an immunization campaign, its early inoculation drive was hamstrung by supply problems and public hesitancy.

These dire situations in the two South Asian countries amid a COVID-19 surge come at a time when the region is confronted by a myriad of challenges, including climate change, compounding pandemic woes that are here for the long haul.
Southeast Asia
Battered by environmental crises
In northern and northeastern Thailand, levels of the PM2.5 dust have risen to alarming levels, according to the country’s Pollution Control Department.

As per real-time tracking by Swiss air quality monitoring company IQAir, the cities of Chiang Ria, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Lampang see the worst air pollution in Thailand, with U.S. Air Quality Index (AQI) ratings ranging from 198 to 289.

The AQI considers five major air pollutants, and scores 50 and below are considered good. AQI ratings between 200 and 300 are considered very unhealthy and pose a health risk to all exposed people.

Air pollution is a perennial problem for Thailand, especially during its dry season, driven by forest fires and agricultural burning. For residents who have no choice but to breathe in the increasingly dirty air year after year, the health effects can pile up.

PM2.5 dust, also known as fine particulate matter, is a class of air pollutant that can penetrate deep into the lungs to settle in the airways and air sacs and damage them. Even short-term exposures to PM2.5 could weaken lung function and might lead to heart conditions. High levels of particulate matter pollution have also been linked to death.

A report by Al Jazeera finds that a single hospital in Chiang Mai had to field nearly 13,000 patients complaining of breathing problems in the first quarter of this year.

Also contending with environmental pressures is neighboring Malaysia, which last week recorded a heat wave over its northern states of Perlis, Kedah, and Penang.

Driven by cloudless skies and limited rain – and aggravated by trans-boundary air pollution – high surface temperatures in Malaysia could increase in the coming months.

“We are now moving into the inter-monsoon period, from May until July. When there is no rain, the ocean heats up and there is hot wind. We expect temperatures to be around 32 deg C to 33 deg C,” Phee Boon Poh, state environment committee chairman of Penang, told The Straits Times.

In turn, extreme heat could pose a fire hazard for communities. Authorities have urged residents to avoid open burning. In hot and dry environments, flames could easily spin out of control and cause damage to surrounding properties and pose bodily harm. Penang authorities have fire squads on standby, Phee said.

Beyond the threat of a blaze, heat waves also carry several health risks. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, extreme heat can lead to dehydration and increase the likelihood of developing heart, lung, and kidney conditions. In severe cases, heat waves can also cause death.
April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

April 25, 2022
April 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark legal victory for gay soldiers in South Korea; an assault on education and an ethnic community in Afghanistan; the return of an independence leader in Timor-Leste; and ASEAN’s failed five-point consensus on the Myanmar crisis.

April 18, 2022
April 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark victory for Indonesian women; Hong Kong’s forgotten elderly; a proposed law that raises fears of a surveillance state in India; and the freedom that is at risk worldwide.

April 11, 2022
April 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Filipina politician who is in the crosshairs of trolls and haters; Sri Lanka’s heavy-handed tactics; a horrifying new discovery about forced organ harvesting in China; and the major global problem of toxic air.

April 4, 2022
April 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: “delayed” justice for street sleepers in Hong Kong; a problematic draft law that could shut down Thailand’s vibrant civil society; India’s appalling apathy toward Rohingya refugees; and the “crucial weakness” in the governance of global health organizations.

March 28, 2022
March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

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