Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

Bangladesh
An uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease
Sagor Moin Bauri, a tea garden worker in the district of Moulvibazar in Bangladesh, has been suffering from leprosy for the past five years. She is just one of the many tea workers in the northeastern region of the country who bear the heavy and public burden of the chronic infectious — yet curable — disease.

Around 98 percent of leprosy-infected people in Moulvibazar, 62 percent in the city of Sylhet, and 72 percent in the district of Habiganj come from the ranks of these workers who are like modern-day slaves, reports The Daily Star.

Their poor living conditions, malnutrition, and lack of awareness have put them at high risk of developing leprosy and suffering from the stigma that sticks to it. “Since news spread in our colony, I’m facing different kinds of discrimination from my neighbors,” Bauri told The Daily Star.

Following an eight-day visit to Bangladesh, Alice Cruz, the U.N. Special Rapporteur on the elimination of discrimination against persons affected by leprosy, called on the government to draft anti-discrimination leprosy laws. Widespread disease-related discrimination and stigmatization is one of the reasons why the South Asian country has the fifth highest number of leprosy cases in the world, according to the World Health Organization. The independent U.N. human rights expert noted that data indicates “ongoing transmission, late diagnosis, and gaps in the health system.”

The stigma of leprosy has contributed to the spread of the disease among the tea workers in Moulvibazar, Sylhet, and Habiganj. GM Shiblee, chairperson of the Bangladesh Tea Association in Sylhet, told The Daily Star, “Many tea workers, who have been infected with leprosy, don’t want to pursue medicine and treatment properly due to social stigma and superstitions.”

Cruz said in a BBC report, “Leprosy remains a deep-rooted human rights issue.” She stressed that the right of Bangladeshis infected with leprosy “to development, such as equity, self-determination, participation, and justice, are not being met,” reports UN News. Cruz noted that the government’s efforts to consign leprosy to the dustbin of history by 2030 have fallen short of its target.
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Regional
A rising ‘torrent of trouble’
Sea level rise matters not just to someone who lives and works in a low-lying city like Bangkok, Jakarta, or Mumbai. Rising tides should be everyone’s concern as they could disrupt global societies.

In a nutshell, this was the stark warning United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres issued at the first U.N. Security Council debate on the implications of rising sea levels for international peace and security. Guterres said the world will witness “a mass exodus of entire populations on a biblical scale” as 1 in 10 people could leave their homes for higher ground. The U.N. chief said the phenomenon is “a torrent of trouble” for people in small island developing states and other low-lying coastal areas around the world.

In Asia, seven major cities — Hong Kong, Taipei, Seoul, Tokyo, Jakarta, Manila, and Bangkok — are at risk from extreme sea-level rise and coastal flooding, according to Greenpeace Asia in its June 2021 report. In South Asia, sea level rise has exceeded the global average, according to VOA. This environmental phenomenon, along with other climate change impacts, has displaced 63 million people as of 2021.

By 2050, climate-induced migration in South Asia will create a crisis of 50 million climate refugees each year by 2050, estimates the World Bank. In Southeast Asia, rapid and intensifying climate change has forced millions of people to seek refuge and better opportunities within and beyond the region.

Prof. Walter Kaelin, the adviser to the chair of the Platform on Disaster Displacement, sounded the alarm about sea level rise’s serious implications for peace and security in a presentation to the Security Council. He said, “Sea level rise is not only a development and human rights issue but also a security challenge. [It] is likely to weaken or even jeopardize the statehood of affected countries and thus undermine the very foundation of the present international order.”
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Cambodia
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Silencing an independent media, one more time
How does one of the world’s longest-serving authoritarian leaders clear the way for his heir apparent? By arbitrarily shutting down arguably the best and last independent media outlet in his country months before national elections. In so doing, the strongman would repress freedom of expression and access to information at a time when both would be crucial to free and credible elections.

That seems to be the game plan of Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, who has ruled the Southeast Asian country with an iron first for almost 40 years. Last Sunday, he said in a statement on his official Facebook page that authorities would revoke the broadcast license of independent Cambodian newsroom Voice of Democracy (VOD) on Monday morning, according to news reports.

VOD’s supposed violation: reporting on Feb. 9 that Hun Sen’s eldest son, Lieutenant General Hun Manet — not the prime minister himself — had allegedly approved Cambodia’s US$100,000 financial aid to earthquake-stricken Turkey. Manet was endorsed by Hun Sen and Cambodia’s ruling party as the country’s future prime minister in December 2021.

Hun Sen was irked by the report and said that VOD had slandered him and his son. He demanded an apology and received one from the media outlet. Nevertheless, he ordered VOD shut down anyway.

Human rights groups also sounded the alarm about the closure of a media outlet which has reported widely on abuses of power and corruption in Cambodia for 20 years and has earned a reputation for thorough investigative reporting on crucial human rights issues.

Hana Young, Amnesty International Deputy Regional Director, said: “This is a blatant attempt to slam the door on what’s left of independent media in the country, and a clear warning to other critical voices months before national elections.”

Shawn Crispin, senior Southeast Asia representative of the Committee to Protect Journalists, called for the immediate reversal of VOD’s closure. He said, “If Cambodia wants to maintain any pretense of democracy ahead of this year’s general elections, independent media must be allowed to report without fear of reprisal.”

Hun Sen’s peremptory closure of VOD drew international criticism from European Union embassies in Cambodia, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and United States, reports Al Jazeera.

VOD is the not the first independent media outlet to have been silenced — in one form or another — by Hun Sen.  In 2017, The Cambodia Daily was shut down just months ahead of the last general election in 2018. In the same year, the government “forced the sale of the Phnom Penh Post to buyers friendly to the government,” says Human Rights Watch.
Credit: Voice of Democracy Facebook page
Hong Kong
A Silver Lining
A hard-won victory ‘without the surgery’
Ahead of the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong, fai chun — ubiquitous strips of red paper on which are written in Chinese calligraphy hopes of happiness and prosperity — decorated many walls and doorways. The fai chun of Henry Edward Tse, though, were an exception: They bore mesasages of “Victory” and “ID card without the surgery,” reports the South China Morning Post.

Tse is a transgender man who was born female. He founded the NGO Transgender Equality Hong Kong to call attention to the hurdles that trans men in the city face as a result of one letter — the gender marker “F,” for female, their assigned sex at birth — on their ID cards.

The government requires that trans men undergo “full sex reassignment surgery,” which involves an operation on the genitals, to change their legal gender. Many in the trans community, though, consider the medical procedure unnecessary, costly, and even risky.

Tse and his peers at Transgender Equality Hong Kong have endured lengthy medical procedures, including hormone treatment. But because they refuse to undergo the invasive surgical procedure, they have been unable to change the gender marker on their ID cards from female to male, their acquired gender. As a result, they frequently experience discrimination, humiliation, and invasion of their privacy.

Tse told the Hong Kong Free Press: “In Hong Kong, … the police can request to check your ID anytime. So when it plays such an important role in your daily life, the mismatch [of the gender marker] becomes a huge problem.” He said that he feels like his privacy is invaded every time he presents his ID because he is forced to “come out” again.

Tse and two other trans men lodged a judicial review arguing that the government’s policy of forcing transgender people to undergo surgery before having their gender legally recognized was unconstitutional and violated their right to privacy. It was heard in 2018 but was dismissed in 2019.

Finally, on Feb. 6, Tse and fellow trans men in Hong Kong realized their dream of no longer being outed by their ID cards. The Court of Final Appeal sided with him and a fellow appellant and ruled that the government’s requirement that trans men undergo “full sex reassignment surgery” to change their legal gender is unconstitutional under the Bill of Rights.

Human Rights Watch says the ruling “upholds privacy rights and highlights the need for broader reform.” Columnist Cliff Buddle writes, “New guidelines must now be devised to provide for gender changes on identity cards without the need for full surgery.”
February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

April 25, 2022
April 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark legal victory for gay soldiers in South Korea; an assault on education and an ethnic community in Afghanistan; the return of an independence leader in Timor-Leste; and ASEAN’s failed five-point consensus on the Myanmar crisis.

April 18, 2022
April 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark victory for Indonesian women; Hong Kong’s forgotten elderly; a proposed law that raises fears of a surveillance state in India; and the freedom that is at risk worldwide.

April 11, 2022
April 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Filipina politician who is in the crosshairs of trolls and haters; Sri Lanka’s heavy-handed tactics; a horrifying new discovery about forced organ harvesting in China; and the major global problem of toxic air.

April 4, 2022
April 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: “delayed” justice for street sleepers in Hong Kong; a problematic draft law that could shut down Thailand’s vibrant civil society; India’s appalling apathy toward Rohingya refugees; and the “crucial weakness” in the governance of global health organizations.

March 28, 2022
March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

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