Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

Bangladesh
A baby step toward justice for rape victims
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]B[/dropcap]angladesh is set to end accusations of “immoral character” against rape victims, after a long campaign by rights groups against humiliating interrogations of traumatized survivors, reports Al Jazeera.

The cabinet on Monday approved in principle the draft “Evidence (Amendment) Bill, 2022” proposing to repeal the provisions that allowed questions about the rape victim’s character during cross-examinations, reports New Age. Nina Goswami, a leading Bangladeshi activist who belongs to the local Ain o Salish Kendra rights group, told Al Jazeera the change in law is a “remarkable achievement”.

Experts say the country’s Evidence Act, implemented in 1872 during British rule, has been routinely used to discredit the testimony of survivors during court cross-examinations and police investigations, reports ZIZ Online.

According to New Age, “Section 155(4) of the act says, ‘When a man is prosecuted for rape or an attempt to ravish, it may be shown that the prosecutrix was of generally immoral character.’”

“According to Section 146(3) of the act, ‘When a witness is cross-examined, he (she) may … be asked any questions which tend — to shake his (her) credit, by injuring his (her) character, although the answer to such questions might tend directly or indirectly to criminate him (her) ….”

Rights campaigners have long been pressing for amending the Evidence Act. Last year, the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust said character evidence had been used to cast doubt on victim testimony, making it difficult to secure guilty verdicts, reports Al Jazeera. The conviction rate for rape in Bangladesh is below 1 percent.

Rights groups renewed the demand to repeal the two provisions last year after the female judge in the 2017 Raintree Hotel rape case raised questions about the character of the two female victims. Media reports said that the judge referred to a medical report that alleged the victims “were habituated to having physical relations and that their physical condition was similar to that of someone who engages in regular sexual relations.” She acquitted all five accused, citing lack of evidence.
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Singapore
Keeping the death penalty alive
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]I[/dropcap]n the eyes of human rights campaigners, a Singapore court’s rejection on Wednesday of the appeals by three men sentenced to death for drugs offenses is clearly wrong.

Singapore is one of only four countries known to still execute people for drug-related offenses, according to Amnesty International. “The government does not disclose how many people are held on death row, though campaigners believe there are likely more than 50 men awaiting execution, the majority of whom have been convicted of drug offenses,” reports The Guardian.

The city-state clings to the death penalty despite its use “for drug-related offenses [being] incompatible with international human rights law,” says UN rights office spokeswoman Ravina Shamdasani.

There is a widespread international consensus against the use of the death penalty, reports The Diplomat. As the UN General Assembly stated in a December 2007 resolution, “there is no conclusive evidence of the death penalty’s deterrent value and that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the death penalty’s implementation is irreversible and irreparable.”

However, the government maintains that “(the death penalty) has had a strong, clear, deterrent impact,” says Minister for Home Affairs and Law K. Shanmugam in The Straits Times. He cites the “preliminary results” of a government survey which showed that “more than 80 percent [of citizens] believed the death penalty had deterred offenders” and 66 percent felt the mandatory death penalty was appropriate for drug trafficking.

Human Rights Watch says, “Executing someone with an intellectual or psychosocial disability is inconsistent with international law and practice.” Two of the three men reportedly have intellectual disabilities.

Lawyer Charles Yeo acted for Singaporean Roslan Bakar and Malaysian Pausi Jefridin. He “contended that Roslan has an IQ of 74, while Pausi has an IQ of 67, reports The Straits Times.

Yeo had argued that it was unlawful to execute people who have an IQ of less than 70, reports The Straits Times. Singapore’s Court of Appeal said, however, that “no domestic law or international treaty explicitly prohibits the execution of people who have an IQ of less than 70.”

In a Channel News Asia report, Minister of State for Home Affairs Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim insists that “The death penalty remains relevant and important in [Singapore’s] criminal justice system…. While other countries and NGOs may not share the same view as us, this is an issue for Singaporeans to decide.”

The last known execution in Singapore was carried out in November 2019, according to Amnesty International. Abd Helmi Ab Halim was hanged at Changi Prison for transporting 16.56 grams — little more than a tablespoon — of heroin from Malaysia to the city-state.
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China
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More food safety scares taint public trust
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]C[/dropcap]hina has a long history of food safety issues, such as the 2008 melamine-laced milk that took the lives of six infants and sickened more than 300,000 babies, tainted meat, and pesticide residues on vegetables.

Food safety incidents are not only a public health concern. They also weaken the public’s trust more in national than local governments, according to a study in China cited in Food Safety News. According to the publication, “Chinese people tend to attribute responsibility to the central government rather than local leaders when concerned about food safety problems.”

Dr. Yanzhong Huang, a professor and director of global health studies at Seton Hall University’s School of Diplomacy and International Relations, notes that “(g)overnment failure to deliver untainted food … threatens to lead people to question not only the rule of individual leaders but also the legitimacy of the political system.” Huang writes that President Xi Jinping “recognized this vulnerability when, in 2013, he remarked, ‘If we do not do a good job in food safety, and continue to mishandle the issue, then people will ask whether our party is fit to rule China.’”

The latest food safety scares have exposed the unhygienic practices in China’s largest meat producer and at a pickled cabbage processor just in time for World Consumer Rights Day on March 15.

An undercover investigation by a local TV station showed workers at meat producer Nanchang Shuanghui Food’s factory in Jiangxi province “using meat that had dropped on the floor, wearing dirty smelly uniforms, and forging staff health certificates,” reports the South China Morning Post.

The 3.15 Gala, an annual show produced by China Central Television focusing on the protection of consumers’ rights, revealed the lack of hygiene in the processing of pickled cabbage at the Hunan Chaqi Vegetable Co Ltd., reports Global Times. The company supplies pickles to popular instant noodle brand Master Kong.

According to the publication, “A video showed workers, some wearing slippers, some barefoot, stepping on the pickled cabbage. Others were smoking and one even threw the cigarette butt directly into the cabbage.” The topic with the hashtag “muddy ground pickled vegetables” topped China’s social media platform Sina Weibo on Wednesday, with 180 million views and 30,000 discussions as of press time, reports Global Times.

Henan Shuanghui apologized over food safety issues reported at one of its plants, according to a statement published on its website, reports Reuters.

Master Kong immediately suspended its cooperation with the pickled cabbage processor. “Relevant pickled vegetable instant noodles were removed from the shelves,” reports Global Times.
Global
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Qatar’s dream, migrant workers’ nightmare
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]Q[/dropcap]atar’s dream of hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup is being built on the backs of migrant workers. “Migrant workers from East Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia comprise 95 percent of the workforce in Qatar and are integral to the delivery of the World Cup,” states Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (BHRRC).

While FIFA is set to earn a projected US$3 billion in revenues from the 2022 event, thousands of migrant workers are being exploited by unscrupulous bosses, says Amnesty International. The hopes of migrant workers for gainful employment “are often dashed by deceptive recruitment practices, wage abuses, and strenuous working conditions enabled by the kafala or sponsorship system,” reports News24.

Qatar is a Muslim-majority country. The prophet Muhammad said, “Pay the worker his wages before his sweat has dried.”

However, with less than nine months to go until the World Cup, “migrant workers who are making the games possible under difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions face repeated delayed and unpaid wages,” said Michael Page, deputy Middle East director at Human Rights Watch (HRW).

A new HRW report alleges one of the latest incidents of wage abuse in the Gulf. Bin Omran Trading and Contracting, which has multimillion-dollar World Cup projects in its portfolio, has failed to pay its workers’ wages for up to five months, reports BHRRC.

The international nonprofit invited the company to respond to the allegations. Bin Omran Trading and Contracting did not respond.

On March 14, Amnesty handed FIFA a petition with more than 280,000 signatures demanding “fair working conditions in Qatar and for the football community to respect human rights,” reports ESPN.

However, two days later, FIFA president Gianni Infantino lauded Qatar’s “strong commitment … to ensure the reforms are fully implemented across the labor market, leaving a lasting legacy of the FIFA World Cup long after the event, and benefiting migrant workers in the host country in the long term,” reports ESPN.

More than 6,500 migrant workers from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka have died due to health and safety failures in the workplace in Qatar since the World Cup was awarded to the country in 2010, The Guardian revealed.
March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

December 27, 2021
December 27, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Myanmar’s blood gemstones; Hong Kong’s “selection”; the failed talks on killer bots; and the need for safe, legal migration options for workers.

December 20, 2021
December 20, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the seamy side of a Chinese ultra-fast fashion leader; the “silencing of a Laotian son”; Kim Jong Un’s decade of abusive rule; and calls for change in a country where sexual violence regularly goes unpunished

December 13, 2021
December 13, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the widespread condemnation following Aung San Suu Kyi’s conviction; the Nagaland killings that have revived debate about a controversial decades-old law; the other global infection; and Pakistan’s deadly blasphemy laws.

December 6, 2021
December 6, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a high point for China’s struggling #MeToo movement; confusion over a perplexing court ruling in Indonesia; growing awareness of the rights of the hijra in Bangladesh; and the price Pakistan’s children pay for dirty needles.

November 29, 2021
November 29, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: three women journalists who have held those in power to account and have paid a high price; why Thailand is no Land of Smiles for refugees; the plight of the “marriage migrants” in Taiwan; and another victory for Mother Nature Cambodia.

November 22, 2021
November 22, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Modi’s volte-face on India’s contentious farm laws; the wealthy country where hunger hides behind closed doors; Pakistan’s “living ghosts”; and the life-saving importance of the porcelain throne.

November 15, 2021
November 15, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how China’s “gray zone” strategy seems to be backfiring in Taiwan; the Asian countries clinging to capital punishment; the lethal weapons still claiming thousands of victims, often long after hostilities have ceased; and the “unconstitutional” calls for royal reform in Thailand.

November 8, 2021
November 8, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the possible end of China’s relentless 996 work hours, the killing and chilling of journalists, the urgent need to stamp out child labor in Asian farms, and the Burmese military’s history of arson attacks.

November 1, 2021
November 1, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about a lifeline for Afghan female students, the end of an unconstitutional ban in the Philippines, the plight of North Korean defectors in the South, and India’s cool roofs.

October 25, 2021
October 25, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about China’s continuing crackdown on peaceful religious practice, a small step for LGBTI people in India, the closure of a human rights watchdog’s operations in Hong Kong, and how the Greater Mekong Subregion and India offer a glimmer of hope for malaria elimination.

October 18, 2021
October 18, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about a simple yet powerful tool that is beyond the reach of many, Asia’s starving millions, the urgent need to revise Japan’s regressive transgender law, and a low-cost, low-input, and climate-resilient type of farming in India.

October 11, 2021
October 11, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the early impact of an offshore data tsunami, why girl children deserve a better normal, the Asian gig workers fighting for their rights, and the rain harvesters in a Nepalese town.

October 4, 2021
October 4, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the right to information laws across the region, Malaysia’s youth power, Filipino advocates pushing back against a proposed road to ruin, and the Indian lawyer who won the “alternative Nobel Prize.”

September 27, 2021
September 27, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the resiliency of LQBTQ activists in South Korea and Taiwan, the gatecrashing Cambodian prime minister, the Malaysian mothers fighting for their children’s citizenship rights, and China’s shadowy solar industry.

September 20, 2021
September 20, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the urgent need for safe childbirth, the dangers of “kinetic impact projectiles,” the never-ending battle for democracy and human rights, and a game-changing procurement system.

September 13, 2021
September 13, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about “the anaconda in the chandelier,” a spyware scandal, a dangerous place to stand up for the environment, and how people power scored a win for a Malaysian forest.

September 6, 2021
September 6, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the other global health threat that cuts life expectancies in the Asian region, the forgotten Afghan refugees in Indonesia, period poverty, and a study that shows how better pay for truck drivers in South Korea made the drivers — and the general public — safer.

August 30, 2021
August 30, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the pursuit of justice for the forcibly disappeared in Asia, the Rohingya’s quest for safe havens, lawbreaking law enforcers, and a doctor-entrepreneur who is retelling the story of health in Pakistan.

August 23, 2021
August 23, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the South Asian countries where children face extreme risk from climate change, how arbitrary detentions have fueled COVID-19 surges in Myanmar and Thai jails, China’s problematic family planning policies, and the Afghan women fighting the return to the dark days of harsh limits on their freedoms.

August 16, 2021
August 16, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the trail of rights violations that follows China’s Belt and Road projects, the two South Asian countries that are failing their daughters, how the Rohingya risk being left behind in the global COVID-19 vaccination race, and the raft of repressive measures that are keeping journalists in the region from their doing their jobs.

August 10, 2021
August 10, 2021

As the Delta variant spreads like wildfire in parts of Asia, we highlight news about Afghanistan’s swift descent into catastrophe, ASEAN Special Envoy Erywan Yusof’s tough assignment in defusing the Myanmar crisis, the severe challenges faced by indigenous peoples, a rare legal victory for online freedom in Thailand, the refusal of Taiwanese Olympians to use a name that exists on no map, and the Asian women athletes who are changing the game.

August 3, 2021
August 3, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the slogan that landed a Hong Kong protester in jail, the attacks and arrests Myanmar’s doctors face amid the pandemic, the factory fire that spotlights child labor and safety lapses in Bangladesh, and the marginalized Indian girls who are fighting child marriage.

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