Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

Sri Lanka
A Silver Lining
A ‘landmark decision’ for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]W[/dropcap]hat has Rosanna Flamer-Caldera done to be called “a disgrace to decent Sri Lankan women” by harassers? Her so-called crime, according to the government of Sri Lanka, is that she is a lesbian. In the Resplendent Island, as it is in 42 other countries, women who engage in same-sex sexual activity are breaking the law.

Sri Lanka’s colonial-era law, the 1883 Penal Code, prohibits “gross indecency between males,” explains Neela Ghoshal, the senior director of law policy and research at OutRight Action International. She writes, “In a grotesque gesture toward ‘equalizing’ the language of the law, Sri Lanka’s parliament amended section 365A of the penal code in 1995 so that it referred to ‘gross indecency between persons,’ replacing ‘males’ in the colonial text.” As a result, the provision became applicable to acts between men and between women.

Flamer-Caldera learned about section 365A in 1997 and co-founded a support group for lesbian and bisexual women in 1999. Since then, the lesbian activist has been subjected to “discrimination, … threats, high-profile attacks on her character, and threats of violence by state officials and members of the public, including on social media,” according to the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women’s (CEDAW) March 23, 2022 decision on the case of Flamer-Caldera v Sri Lanka.

Flamer-Caldera presented her case under the CEDAW. She “argued that Sri Lanka’s criminal laws violated her right to live her life free from discrimination based on her sexual orientation,” reports The Conversation. Human Dignity Trust, a London-based NGO that challenges criminalization laws around the world, represented her.

The CEDAW committee agreed. “The criminalization of same-sex sexual activity has meant that the discrimination, violence, and harassment faced by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex community in Sri Lanka continue with impunity,” reads CEDAW’s decision released on March 23. “Members of the community are not protected against police harassment. The law has altered how she lives and conducts herself in public and private.”

Human Rights Watch says, “With this call for change from the CEDAW committee, Sri Lanka should urgently repeal its outdated and discriminatory law.”

With CEDAW’s ruling, it “became the first international law body to recognize that criminalizing female same-sex sexual activity is a fundamental breach of human rights,” writes Paula Gerber in The Conversation. Gerber is a director of Kaleidoscope Human Rights Foundation, a not-for-profit organization advocating for the rights of LGBTIQ people in the Asia-Pacific region. She states, “The landmark decision means all countries that criminalize women having sex with other women should immediately repeal these laws.”

Flamer-Caldera welcomed the decision, which “will have an impact on millions of lesbian and bisexual women around the globe,” she told the Washington Blade. “I am happy and proud to have played such a pivotal role in this process.”
Photo of flag: Flickr

Photo of Rosanna Flamer-Caldera: Wikimedia
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Global
The other devastating pandemic
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]C[/dropcap]OVID-19 may have been overtaken tuberculosis (TB) as the world's deadliest infectious disease. But TB’s devastating toll is on the rise.

“For the first time since 2005, the global TB death toll increased in 2020,” reports The Boston Review. TB claimed 1.4 million lives worldwide in 2019. In 2020, the global death toll was 1.5 million.

TB continues “to defy vaccines and antibiotics to wreak a grim global toll,” notes Arab News Pakistan. In 2020, two-thirds of new TB cases are concentrated in eight countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, and South Africa.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reversed years of incremental progress being made to combat TB worldwide. Global efforts have saved an estimated 66 million lives since the year 2000.

However, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely restricted the mobility of people worldwide, “including those who would have otherwise gone to health centers for screening and diagnosis of TB symptoms,” write Mary Ann Evangelista, M.D., and Gideon Lasco, M.D., Ph.D., in Inquirer.net. The result: millions of people undiagnosed and without treatment.

“Researchers say resources have been diverted from studying and diagnosing diseases like TB to fight the COVID-19 pandemic,” reports ABC News. “There has been a 20 percent drop in diagnoses of TB due to reduced screening.”

The World Health Organization says, “Access to TB prevention, treatment, support and care services … (is) fundamental human rights embedded in the right to health. A human rights-based approach to TB prevention, treatment and care can help overcome the legal, structural and social barriers to quality TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care services.”

The WHO has designated March 24 World Tuberculosis Day to build public awareness about the global epidemic of tuberculosis and efforts to eliminate the curable disease. The theme of World TB Day 2022 — “Invest to End TB. Save Lives.” — conveys the urgent need to invest resources to ramp up the fight against TB.

Credit: Wikimedia
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Taiwan
Image is not available
A victory for young voters
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]T[/dropcap]aiwanese citizens aged 18 can get married, stand trial as an adult, and even get called up to serve in the military, notes VOA News. However, “they cannot vote in presidential and legislative elections. A quarter of a century after democratization, Taiwan’s national voting age has remained at 20 despite years of discussion and slow changes designed to enfranchise 18-year-olds,” reports the publication.

Youth rights advocates have spent years trying to lower Taiwan's voting age from 20 to 18. They assert that the self-ruled island must join the world’s democracies by giving young people the right to vote. Japan, Malaysia, and South Korea have amended their laws to lower the voting age.

On March 23, a day after the Legislative Yuan’s Procedures Committee placed a related bill on the legislative agenda for March 25, youth rights groups said at a press conference that legislators must vote for the bill or be “condemned by history,” reports Taipei Times.

According to the publication, “The bill — which would involve amending Article 1 of the Constitution — must pass the legislature by the end of this month (March) if it is to be ratified in a referendum held concurrently with the local elections on Nov. 26.”

It seems that Taiwanese legislators have heeded the call of the young people. On Friday, lawmakers crossed party lines and “voted to approve a constitutional amendment to lower the voting age in Taiwan from 20 to 18,” reports Focus Taiwan. In so doing, they are “sending the issue to a national referendum later this year.”
Vietnam
Jailed for speaking out
[dropcap font="" size="50px" background="" color="" circle="0" transparent="0"]V[/dropcap]ietnam has been ranked as “not free” by Freedom House in its 2021 edition of Freedom in the World. According to the nonprofit, “Freedom of expression (is) tightly restricted. The authorities have increasingly cracked down on citizens’ use of social media and the internet to voice dissent and share uncensored information.”

Last week, the Vietnamese government retaliated against two “citizens who refuse to remain silent in the face of injustice and rights abuses,” said Phil Robertson, deputy Asia director of Human Rights Watch, in The Vietnamese Magazine.

On March 24, the appeals court in Nam Dinh province upheld a sentence of 10 years in prison for rights activist Do Nam Trung, reports VOA News.

Trung’s activism includes “demanding the suspension of Taiwan-based Formosa Steel Plant’s operations following its environmental scandal, helping rescue people living in flooded and landslide-prone areas, calling for the boycott of corrupt toll booths, as well as working with victims of land confiscation in Vietnam and informing them about their rights,” reports The Vietnamese Magazine. He was charged with “distributing anti-state propaganda” last December under Article 117 of Vietnam’s 2015 Penal Code.

On March 23, a court in Hanoi sentenced Le Van Dung, also known as Le Dung Vova, an activist and independent journalist who publishes to Facebook and YouTube, to five years in prison for “propaganda against the state.”

According to the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), “The court argued that the journalist ‘made and posted on the internet 12 clips with propaganda content against the State, defaming the government, (and) spreading fabricated news.’ The series of twelve videos, posted online to platforms YouTube and Facebook between March 2017 and September 2018, discussed political and social issues in Vietnam, including information on state legislation and fundamental rights.”

Dung was charged under Article 88 of Vietnam’s Penal Code for allegedly circulating information against the ruling party, reports the IFJ.

According to nonprofit organization The 88 Project, Article 88 is “one of the repressive provisions of Vietnam’s 1999 Criminal Code, which is routinely used to persecute peaceful activist groups against the regime.” Article 88, which is now Article 117 of the 2015 Criminal Code, makes it a crime to “propagate” against the Socialist Republic, with imprisonment sentences ranging from three to 20 years.

These laws suppress free speech and civil liberties of Vietnamese people and activist groups.

Credit: Lê Dũng Vova Official/YouTube
March 28, 2022
March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

December 27, 2021
December 27, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Myanmar’s blood gemstones; Hong Kong’s “selection”; the failed talks on killer bots; and the need for safe, legal migration options for workers.

December 20, 2021
December 20, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the seamy side of a Chinese ultra-fast fashion leader; the “silencing of a Laotian son”; Kim Jong Un’s decade of abusive rule; and calls for change in a country where sexual violence regularly goes unpunished

December 13, 2021
December 13, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the widespread condemnation following Aung San Suu Kyi’s conviction; the Nagaland killings that have revived debate about a controversial decades-old law; the other global infection; and Pakistan’s deadly blasphemy laws.

December 6, 2021
December 6, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a high point for China’s struggling #MeToo movement; confusion over a perplexing court ruling in Indonesia; growing awareness of the rights of the hijra in Bangladesh; and the price Pakistan’s children pay for dirty needles.

November 29, 2021
November 29, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: three women journalists who have held those in power to account and have paid a high price; why Thailand is no Land of Smiles for refugees; the plight of the “marriage migrants” in Taiwan; and another victory for Mother Nature Cambodia.

November 22, 2021
November 22, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Modi’s volte-face on India’s contentious farm laws; the wealthy country where hunger hides behind closed doors; Pakistan’s “living ghosts”; and the life-saving importance of the porcelain throne.

November 15, 2021
November 15, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how China’s “gray zone” strategy seems to be backfiring in Taiwan; the Asian countries clinging to capital punishment; the lethal weapons still claiming thousands of victims, often long after hostilities have ceased; and the “unconstitutional” calls for royal reform in Thailand.

November 8, 2021
November 8, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the possible end of China’s relentless 996 work hours, the killing and chilling of journalists, the urgent need to stamp out child labor in Asian farms, and the Burmese military’s history of arson attacks.

November 1, 2021
November 1, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about a lifeline for Afghan female students, the end of an unconstitutional ban in the Philippines, the plight of North Korean defectors in the South, and India’s cool roofs.

October 25, 2021
October 25, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about China’s continuing crackdown on peaceful religious practice, a small step for LGBTI people in India, the closure of a human rights watchdog’s operations in Hong Kong, and how the Greater Mekong Subregion and India offer a glimmer of hope for malaria elimination.

October 18, 2021
October 18, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about a simple yet powerful tool that is beyond the reach of many, Asia’s starving millions, the urgent need to revise Japan’s regressive transgender law, and a low-cost, low-input, and climate-resilient type of farming in India.

October 11, 2021
October 11, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the early impact of an offshore data tsunami, why girl children deserve a better normal, the Asian gig workers fighting for their rights, and the rain harvesters in a Nepalese town.

October 4, 2021
October 4, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the right to information laws across the region, Malaysia’s youth power, Filipino advocates pushing back against a proposed road to ruin, and the Indian lawyer who won the “alternative Nobel Prize.”

September 27, 2021
September 27, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the resiliency of LQBTQ activists in South Korea and Taiwan, the gatecrashing Cambodian prime minister, the Malaysian mothers fighting for their children’s citizenship rights, and China’s shadowy solar industry.

September 20, 2021
September 20, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the urgent need for safe childbirth, the dangers of “kinetic impact projectiles,” the never-ending battle for democracy and human rights, and a game-changing procurement system.

September 13, 2021
September 13, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about “the anaconda in the chandelier,” a spyware scandal, a dangerous place to stand up for the environment, and how people power scored a win for a Malaysian forest.

September 6, 2021
September 6, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the other global health threat that cuts life expectancies in the Asian region, the forgotten Afghan refugees in Indonesia, period poverty, and a study that shows how better pay for truck drivers in South Korea made the drivers — and the general public — safer.

August 30, 2021
August 30, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the pursuit of justice for the forcibly disappeared in Asia, the Rohingya’s quest for safe havens, lawbreaking law enforcers, and a doctor-entrepreneur who is retelling the story of health in Pakistan.

August 23, 2021
August 23, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the South Asian countries where children face extreme risk from climate change, how arbitrary detentions have fueled COVID-19 surges in Myanmar and Thai jails, China’s problematic family planning policies, and the Afghan women fighting the return to the dark days of harsh limits on their freedoms.

August 16, 2021
August 16, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the trail of rights violations that follows China’s Belt and Road projects, the two South Asian countries that are failing their daughters, how the Rohingya risk being left behind in the global COVID-19 vaccination race, and the raft of repressive measures that are keeping journalists in the region from their doing their jobs.

August 10, 2021
August 10, 2021

As the Delta variant spreads like wildfire in parts of Asia, we highlight news about Afghanistan’s swift descent into catastrophe, ASEAN Special Envoy Erywan Yusof’s tough assignment in defusing the Myanmar crisis, the severe challenges faced by indigenous peoples, a rare legal victory for online freedom in Thailand, the refusal of Taiwanese Olympians to use a name that exists on no map, and the Asian women athletes who are changing the game.

August 3, 2021
August 3, 2021

In this edition, we highlight news about the slogan that landed a Hong Kong protester in jail, the attacks and arrests Myanmar’s doctors face amid the pandemic, the factory fire that spotlights child labor and safety lapses in Bangladesh, and the marginalized Indian girls who are fighting child marriage.

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