Democracy Digest
Democracy Digest
A bite-sized weekly wrap-up of developments
across the region through a human rights and democratic lens
Democracy Digest

May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

Read below for more.

South Asia
Prescription price hike
The Taliban’s catastrophic ascent to power in Afghanistan triggered a massive economic crisis that has left millions, particularly children and women, without access to basic needs. Last week, the beleaguered South Asian nation added medicines to this list.

In Kabul, drug prices have become exorbitantly high that residents have grown worried that they might not be able to afford their prescription medicines anymore. “When the real prescription costs 600 Afs, we need to pay 1,500 Afs,” Rafiullah, a resident of Kabul, told Tolo News.

In some cases, drug store prices have reached three times as high as their prescription prices.

According to the country’s national union of drugstores, the government is to blame. In August last year, the Afghanistan Food and Drug Authority (AFDA) announced it had drafted a law aimed to institute reforms in the local pharmaceutical industry. While the new regulations mostly seek to increase investments in the industry and empower local manufacturers, the union claims the bill will also impose higher taxes on medicine imports, which explains the higher retail prices.

The AFDA refutes this and insists that the new bill – and its steeper taxing scheme – has yet to be enforced; instead, global economic headwinds are to blame for the rising drug prices, it said.

Indeed, many drugmakers in the U.S., arguably the global epicenter of the pharmaceutical industry, have been hiking medicine prices since the start of the year. According to Javid Hajhir, spokesperson for the AFDA, there is currently a “37 percent increase in prices of medicines globally,” which in turn causes upward pressure on local retail prices, as per a Tolo News report.

Regardless of where the fault lies, the ultimate burden of sky-high drug prices will fall squarely on the regular Afghan, who already have to contend with record levels of poverty, child mortality, starvation, and gender-based oppression – not to mention ramping breakdown of the rule of law and bubbling social unrest.

Another South Asian country feeling the prescription pricing pressure is Sri Lanka, though the country’s problems started in early 2022, when its government hiked prices by as much as 40 percent to help weather the economic meltdown.

After more than a year, the situation might be starting to improve for Sri Lanka’s pharmaceuticals industry. Last week, Health Minister Keheliya Rambukwella announced that the government had come up with plans to roll back medicine prices by some 10 to 15 percent; these changes are expected to take effect in the next three weeks.
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Southeast Asia
Does laxity fuel drug-related depravity?
The wealthiest and most developed nation in Southeast Asia, Singapore elicits images of a highly cosmopolitan city, efficient and organized public transportation, and a polished society.

Earlier this month, however, a man was sentenced to 29 years in jail and to 24 hits with the cane in a case that shocked the country – and gave its society a peek into the dark, depraved underbelly of prim-and-proper Singapore.

According to an analysis by Channel News Asia, the case dates back to 2009, when the convict, recently a married man, logged on to an explicit sex forum and engaged in conversations that revealed his depraved fetish: to see his wife used by other men.

In the years that followed, the man’s lewd fantasies spiraled outwards as he roped in six other men and their wives. The culprits used sedatives to make sure their sexual assaults went without a hitch.

While the mastermind of the entire depraved sex ring was given 29 years of jail time, his accomplices were sentenced to 13.5 to 22 years in prison. One culprit was given a 3-year sentence as he had the lowest involvement in the crime.

This case, while likely one of the worst cases of sexual abuse in the country, hardly comes as a shock. A 2021 analysis by The Kontinentalist showed that sexual violence in Singapore is a “crisis.” Between 2017 and 2020, for instance, there were more than 9,000 victims, mostly young and below 20 years of age.

As in the wife-rape case, most of the perpetrators were men, most victims were women, and most assaults happened at home.

Despite the prevalence and gravity of sexual assault in the country, law enforcement appears to have taken a lax approach. In total, only some 8 percent of perpetrators are convicted.

In contrast, Singapore has employed an especially strict and unforgiving approach to arguably less severe crimes, particularly as regards illicit drugs. Earlier this month, the Southeast Asian nation sent a convicted drug mule to the gallows, despite him only being an accessory to the smuggling, and had not even come into direct contact with the drugs.

This tight grip on illicit substances, however, appears to not extend to their role in sexual violence – Singapore does not “track the use of alcohol, drugs, or the prevalence of diagnosis of psychiatric conditions,” in relation to sexual offenses, Shanmugam Kasiviswanathan, Minister for Home Affairs, said in a 2021 statement.

With such lax and inconsistent safeguards, how can women, alongside children and other vulnerable populations, feel safe in an otherwise ultra-modern city?
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Northeast Asia
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Gwangju Uprising 43 years on
At around 10 AM on May 18, 43 years ago, students were gathering in front of the gate of Cheonnam National University, in the Gwangju province of South Korea.

The political satiation was tense at the time. The months prior had seen the assassination of then-President Park Chung-hee and his successor, Choi Kyu-hah, was only a leader in name. True power in South Korea rested with military man Chun Doo-hwan, then chief of the country’s Defense Security Command.

Two days before, on May 16, Chun seized power over the country in a violent coup that not only deposed Choi, but also suppressed the growing clamor for democracy in the country. By the 19th of May, student and citizen protesters were standing off against armed forces throughout Gwangju.

The tension reached a violent head on the 20th, when soldiers opened fire against civilians who had tried to approach military leadership posted in the Cheonnam Province Administrative Building. The days that followed were marked by bloody conflict between armed forces and the protestors.

Official estimates put the Gwangju body count at around 200, but citizens and students who were there insist that more than 2,000 died.

This year, democracy activists and human rights defenders commemorated the Gwangju uprising through a series of events from May 18 through 27. Though South Korea has become substantially more democratic in the last four decades, and though no military dictatorship is in place at the moment, organizers are still urging caution among attendees. Security, for instance, is expected to be especially strict in large events.

President Yoon Suk-yeol, who recently ascended to power on the back of a rabid anticommunist, anti-worker, anti-feminist, and overall conservative platform, paid tribute to Gwangju by promising to safeguard the spirit of democracy. Some analysts, however, rue the decline of South Korea’s democracy amid threats of illiberalism, populism, and polarization.
PHOTO: An installation exhibit showing soldiers taking Gwangju protesters away. This year, South Korea commemorated the 43rd anniversary of the Gwangju Uprising, a popular movement that has since become a symbol of democracy in the country.
Global/Regional
Spotlighting human rights at Hiroshima summit
The G7, an informal intergovernmental group consisting of seven of the world’s biggest economies, recently held its 49th Summit in Hiroshima Japan.

Leaders from each of the member countries attended the Summit, along with representatives from non-G7 bodies. Officials from Australia and Brazil were also in attendance, for example, as well as India, Indonesia, Comoros, and Cook Islands, respectively the head countries of the G20, ASEAN, African Union, and Pacific Islands Forum.

Even non-governmental institutions, such as the United Nations, World Bank, World Health Organization, and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, also participated.

With such a high-profile and powerful guest list, the Hiroshima Summit tackled some of the world’s most pressing issues. In particular, the leaders will discuss imposing sanctions against Russia and increase support for Ukraine. President Volodymyr Zelensky himself is at the Summit to rally support from attendees.

Hiroshima will also address the China dilemma. Many G7 leaders consider the Northeast Asian giant’s ascent to becoming the world’s second-largest economy as a threat to global economic security, particularly as Beijing postures increasingly more aggressively over the Taiwan Strait and South China Sea, and as more allegations of human rights atrocities in Xinjiang surface.

Alongside the G7 Summit, a civil society engagement group called the C7 has come up with a list of policy recommendations for the world leaders, with proposals targeting various areas such as environmental justice and human rights.

For instance, in a communiqué, C7 experts urged the G7 to “adopt and enforce mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence legislation,” particularly as regards businesses. After all, it’s been more than 10 years since the U.N. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights was endorsed, yet 78 percent of the biggest companies worldwide still do not have due diligence measures in place to review potential human rights violations across their supply chains.

The C7’s recommendations include supporting legislation to ensure the elimination of forced labor, minimize and mitigate environmental harm, and improve equitable access to opportunities across business sectors – and to ensure that these laws are implemented properly.
May 22, 2023
May 22, 2023

In this week’s edition, we look at the human rights agenda at the G7 Summit in Hiroshima, the commemoration of the Gwangju uprising’s 43rd anniversary, skyrocketing drug prices in South Asia, and the sex abuse case that shook Singapore to its core.

May 15, 2023
May 15, 2023

In this edition, we look at two oppressive detention policies in Northeast Asia: China’s unyielding arrest of foreign journalists and Japan’s harsh policies for immigrants. We also look at Thailand’s lese-majeste law in the context of its elections and Pakistan’s widespread internet shutdown.

May 8, 2023
May 8, 2023

In this edition, we look at the dire state of press freedom in Southeast Asia, a bubbling conflict between healthcare workers in South Korea, the dengue problem swarming South Asia, and Indonesia’s measures against the impending COVID-19 surge.

May 1, 2023
May 1, 2023

In this edition, we look at Singapore’s overly harsh approach to cannabis as the death penalty for drug-related offenses remains firmly in place, the political convenience of gender equality in India, the continued shrinking of civic space in Hong Kong, and the U.S.’s increased military presence in Asia, keeping tight tabs on its authoritarian adversary.

April 24, 2023
April 24, 2023

In this edition, we will look at the Philippines’ education crisis, Pakistan’s political turmoil, the United Nations’ impending withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the continued and fraught push for marriage equality in Japan.

April 17, 2023
April 17, 2023

In this edition, we look at the environmental crises sweeping through Southeast Asia, another Covid-19 outbreak threatening South Asia, a bird flu death in China, and the bloody consequences of an apathetic international community, alongside powerful benefactors, abetting amid the unyielding violence and tyranny of Myanmar’s junta.

March 20, 2023
March 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the sad truth about health staffing shortages; the impossible choice faced by the Rohingya in Bangladesh; Vietnam’s repressive Article 331; and the challenges of exposing Uyghur forced labor in supply chains.

March 13, 2023
March 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the few bright spots for democracy in Asia; the Northeast Asian country where feminism is a dirty word; the country known as the internet shutdown capital of the world; and a symbolic victory for World War II sex slaves in the Philippines.

February 27, 2023
February 27, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Asia’s deadliest place for a woman to be a mother; Japan’s antiquated age of consent law; a hidden danger in Northeast Asia; and a sweet victory for people-oriented mobility in the Philippines.

February 20, 2023
February 20, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an uphill battle against a stigmatizing disease in Bangladesh; the threat multiplier of rising sea levels; a heavy-handed attempt to silence an independent media outlet in Cambodia; and a landmark victory for trans men in Hong Kong.

February 13, 2023
February 13, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: forced assimilation in the guise of education in Tibet; the women-only buses in Karachi, Pakistan; the need to make the internet safer for children; and the Malaysian manufacturers reaping the rewards of responsible business.

February 6, 2023
February 6, 2023

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Hong Kong’s long-simmering housing crisis; corruption’s vicious cycle; the ban barring Afghanistan women from giving lifesaving support to people in dire need of aid; and a tiny Indonesian island’s battle against a huge carbon-emitting cement maker.

December 12, 2022
December 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a railway that has brought few benefits to poor Laotians; why Pakistan’s coal mines are some of the most dangerous in the world; Hong Kong’s refugees in limbo; and the forced labor that taints the global auto supply chain.

December 5, 2022
December 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the persons with disabilities worldwide who are being left behind; the disinformation hampering polio vaccination in Indonesia and Pakistan; an opportunity for Sri Lanka’s women caught in twin crises; and the torture being inflicted on transgenders in Singapore and Japan.

November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Apple’s albatross; an unfolding catastrophe for Afghan children; the new UN treaty to end the age of pernicious plastics; and the good news for Singapore’s gig workers.

November 21, 2022
November 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the youth from the Global South who made the most of their seat at the table at COP27; the Thai police who show zero tolerance for peaceful protests; the attacks on press freedom in South Korea; and the too-few Nepali women in the political arena.

November 14, 2022
November 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Philippines’ human rights in the spotlight; the modern slaves behind football’s biggest party; the harmful practice endured by women and girls in Asia; and the new mandatory disclosures that can close the gender pay gap in Japan.

November 7, 2022
November 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the shocking impunity of murderers of media workers; Pyongyang’s record-breaking missile barrage; a call to starve Myanmar’s military junta of fuel for its deadly air attacks; and the landmark ruling that banned a traumatic test in India.

October 31, 2022
October 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the return of a global killer; the appalling forced deportations in Malaysia and Thailand; China’s worldwide network of illegal police stations; and the future of farming in Bangladesh.

October 17, 2022
October 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for LGBTQ rights in Japan; a neglected epidemic in Cambodia; the countries in Asia that cling to the death penalty; and hope for mental health sufferers in India.

October 10, 2022
October 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the false narrative that endangers transgenders in Pakistan; why Indonesia is one of the most dangerous countries in which to attend a football game; education under attack in Asia; and the foiled debate on China’s widespread human rights abuses in Xinjiang.

October 3, 2022
October 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the construction workers in Hong Kong who are dying on the job; the South Asian country where many ferry passengers risk drowning and death; the human rights defenders who risk reprisals; and a sweet victory for an under-supported changemaker in the Philippines.

September 26, 2022
September 26, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: sobering statistics about women’s lives on the brink; the country where women are stalked and killed; a blocked citizenship law in Nepal; and the faint silver lining in Myanmar’s humanitarian crisis.

September 19, 2022
September 19, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the global rise in forced marriages; the risks brought about by digital identity systems such as India’s Aadhar; the Southeast Asian country that doesn’t deserve a seat in the UN Human Rights Council; and a ray of hope for foreigners detained in Japan’s immigration centers.

September 12, 2022
September 12, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the alarming spike in house arrests under Chinese President Xi Jinping’s rule; the community at risk of genocide in Afghanistan; the millions deprived of the right to read; and Cambodia’s learning gardens.

September 5, 2022
September 5, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how extreme heat has led to occupational safety lapses worldwide; how North Korea used the coronavirus to increasingly repress the rights of its people; the weaponization of Sri Lanka’s Prevention of Terrorism Act against peaceful protesters; and Thailand’s innovative approach to curb teenage pregnancy.

August 29, 2022
August 29, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the real roadblocks to fair COVID-19 vaccine distribution; the first step to ending torture in Pakistan; a bittersweet victory for Singapore’s LGBT activists; and the campaign to combat China’s disinformation in Taiwan.

August 22, 2022
August 22, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: China’s chilling psywar tactic; the lowest-paid workers in Bangladesh; Cambodia’s ground zero for human trafficking; and why FIFA and Qatar owe abused migrant workers US$440 million in reparations.

August 15, 2022
August 15, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Indonesia’s repressive hijab rules; the plight of Seoul’s basement dwellers; the Afghan evacuees trapped by red tape; and the crucial role of Indigenous women as keepers of knowledge.

August 8, 2022
August 8, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a setback in Malaysian mothers’ campaign against an unequal citizenship law; Japan’s flawed program that has become a breeding ground for abuse; the heavy toll of water scarcity in Bangladesh; and the women who eat last and least.

August 1, 2022
August 1, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a discriminatory lockdown in Taiwan; the endless wait for justice for victims of wartime atrocities in Nepal; a new law that is a betrayal of public health in the Philippines; and alarming news about the other deadly virus.

July 25, 2022
July 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a “zero click” Trojan horse attacking the phones of Thai activists; the heavy-handed tactics of Sri Lanka’s new government; the bleak picture for freedom of expression in Asia; and the fresh hell inflicted by Pyongyang on harried North Koreans.

July 18, 2022
July 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an app update that may increase state control in Hong Kong; the serious risk to Myanmar’s democracy activists; the depressing news in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report for 2022; and Afghanistan’s secret schools for girls.

July 11, 2022
July 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark ruling against modern slavery; a massive data breach that exposed the personal data of 1 billion Chinese; a faint glimmer of hope for Pakistan’s victims of enforced disappearances; and a contentious Indonesian draft law that would promote — not prevent — rights violations.

July 4, 2022
July 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: India’s travel bans on journalists; South Korea’s bad bosses; Asia’s worst countries for workers in 2022; and a promising uptick in financial inclusion worldwide.

June 27, 2022
June 27, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a historic wage hike for garment workers in Pakistan’s Sindh province; the U.S. law which bans the import of goods made with forced labor from China’s Xinjiang region; the Asian countries that keep their citizens in the dark; and Vietnam’s environmental activists under attack.

June 20, 2022
June 20, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the twin victory of South Korean truckers; the spotty observance of the right of due process in the Philippines; the growing problem of elder abuse; and the burning issue of global warming — and the tools to cool down cities.

June 13, 2022
June 13, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: how Mongolia brought digital rights to many citizens’ fingertips; a hidden lockdown for migrant workers in Singapore; the cross-cutting issue of food safety; and Bangladesh’s arbitrary cancellation of the license of a key human rights NGO.

June 6, 2022
June 6, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark settlement for sacked Thai garment workers; an ongoing battle for marriage equality in Taiwan; how attacks on schools worldwide jeopardize the future of children; period poverty and pain.

May 30, 2022
May 30, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the palm oil that is tainted by corporate greed; a law that restricts rape victims in Nepal in their quest for justice; Japan’s controversial training of the Tamadaw; and the shroud of secrecy veiling Asia’s executing countries.

May 23, 2022
May 23, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a shadow pandemic in Thailand; the Taliban’s dissolution of a key human rights body in Afghanistan; the doubtful outcome of the UN rights chief’s Xinjiang visit; and an invasive technology that may turn a lifeline app into a surveillance tool.

May 16, 2022
May 16, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the decades-long struggle for disability rights in South Korea; a minimum wage law that excludes domestic helpers in Malaysia; India’s antiquated and arbitrary sedition law; and the glaring gaps in alcohol marketing regulations that put young people and heavy drinkers at risk.

May 9, 2022
May 9, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the gloomy picture of press freedom in Asia; a heartbreaking polio outbreak in Pakistan; the turning of the tide for a prisoner of conscience in the Philippines; and North Korea’s fashion police.

May 2, 2022
May 2, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the latest setback for a fallen democracy icon in Myanmar; hard-won progress for worker safety in Bangladesh; another nail in the coffin of press freedom in Hong Kong; and the human and environmental costs of sand mining.

April 25, 2022
April 25, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark legal victory for gay soldiers in South Korea; an assault on education and an ethnic community in Afghanistan; the return of an independence leader in Timor-Leste; and ASEAN’s failed five-point consensus on the Myanmar crisis.

April 18, 2022
April 18, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a landmark victory for Indonesian women; Hong Kong’s forgotten elderly; a proposed law that raises fears of a surveillance state in India; and the freedom that is at risk worldwide.

April 11, 2022
April 11, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the Filipina politician who is in the crosshairs of trolls and haters; Sri Lanka’s heavy-handed tactics; a horrifying new discovery about forced organ harvesting in China; and the major global problem of toxic air.

April 4, 2022
April 4, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: “delayed” justice for street sleepers in Hong Kong; a problematic draft law that could shut down Thailand’s vibrant civil society; India’s appalling apathy toward Rohingya refugees; and the “crucial weakness” in the governance of global health organizations.

March 28, 2022
March 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a watershed moment for lesbian and bisexual women everywhere; the other devastating pandemic; a victory for young voters in Taiwan; and Vietnam’s repressive Article 88.

March 21, 2022
March 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a baby step forward for women’s rights in Bangladesh; Singapore’s addiction to the death penalty; China’s unsafe food and how it threatens the ruling party; and the Qatari dream that has become the migrant workers’ nightmare.

March 14, 2022
March 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: South Korea’s “anti-feminist” president-elect; the tiny Southeast Asian country that is standing up to Russia; a call to end the Taliban’s crackdown on Afghan women’s rights; and the prescription for a full pandemic recovery.

March 7, 2022
March 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: ASEAN’s fence-sitting on the Ukraine crisis; the “shocking abuses” against indigenous Papuans; scant support for the backbone of Hong Kong’s economy; and lessons from an adaptation role model.

February 28, 2022
February 28, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the misleading marketing of formula milk to women worldwide; the guilty verdict that should be a watershed moment for Pakistan’s women; North Korea’s Supreme Leader’s focus on launching missiles over administering COVID-19 vaccines; and “a historic win” for grassroots activists.

February 21, 2022
February 21, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the pernicious practice of “red-tagging” in the Philippines; firewall fears in Hong Kong; a crackdown against journalists in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir; and a harmful and unnecessary rite of passage for girls.

February 14, 2022
February 14, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a horrifying hijab ban in India; an alarming spate of custodial deaths in Malaysia; the bullies hiding behind keyboards in South Korea; and the high toll of Japan’s strict entry ban.

February 7, 2022
February 7, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: the “burner phone Olympics” in Beijing; Myanmar’s annus horribilis; the steep price Sri Lankans are paying for botched schemes; and the mountain of pandemic-induced medical waste that threatens health and the environment.

January 31, 2022
January 31, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a report that shows how, across the globe, corruption and human rights violations go hand in hand; a “shamelessly scandalous” scheme that threatens media freedom in the Philippines; the living hell of the Afghan LGBT community under Taliban rule; and the “positive endings” Chinese censors impose on Hollywood movies and even a local show.

January 24, 2022
January 24, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: an anti-poor “no vaccination, no ride” policy in the Philippines; a “sportswashing opportunity” for China; the bogus charges against a Cambodian opposition leader; and two rays of hope for Pakistan’s women.

January 17, 2022
January 17, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a cautiously positive report from Human Rights Watch; the math of misogyny in Indonesia; India’s draconian anti-terror law; how Cambodia keeps a lid on dissent; and the fight for the rights of migrant workers in Taiwan.

January 10, 2022
January 10, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: Cambodia’s strongman playing “rogue diplomat”; a welcome ban on child marriage in the Philippines; North Korea’s “boomerang defector”; and the weaponization of technology against Muslim women.

January 3, 2022
January 3, 2022

In this edition, we highlight news about the following: a wave of hate speech and violence against India’s religious minorities; press freedom in tatters in Hong Kong; a horrifying Christmas massacre in Myanmar; and how the Taliban have revoked Afghan women’s hard-won rights.

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