Thailand: Government and Companies Must Effectively Implement Commitments Under the National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights

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28 August 2022

The draft Second National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights (2023-2027) (NAP), now being considered in a public hearing (2 August to 19 September), must be reviewed to ensure its consistency with international standards and effective implementation, urged participants of the online discussion organized by the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) and partners on 18 and 19 September 2022.

Since the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) more than a decade ago, NAPs have been drawn up by governments around the world setting out commitments and priorities to effectively tackle challenges of adverse human rights impacts of activities by businesses.

Participants at the ICJ’s event included some 75 individuals representing populations affected by business operations from all regions of Thailand, members of civil society organizations, relevant governmental officials, and representatives from the business sector.

Thailand’s draft NAP emphasizes the duties of State agencies to review and amend certain laws, regulations and orders that are not in compliance with human rights laws and standards; ensure accessibility of mechanisms for redress and accountability for damage done to affected communities and individuals; and act to overcome the barriers to meaningful participation of communities and key affected populations. It also sets what businesses must do to fulfill their responsibilities under the UNGPs to “respect” human rights on a variety of key priority issues.

The ICJ and other participants underscored that there had been a lack of evident and tangible progress in the NAP’s implementation process, which was made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic. The inefficacy of NAP’s monitoring mechanism, chaired by the Director-General of the Ministry of Justice’s Rights and Liberties Protection Department, was said to be an obstacle to the protection of people against business-related human rights abuses and access to effective remedies for victims.

While noting that the draft Second NAP make more reference to international law and standards in relation to several action points, participants of the online discussion expressed additional concerns, including:

The First NAP (2019-2022) was adopted as a Cabinet Resolution and did not have the status of a law or regulation that has legally binding force, meaning the provisions were difficult to enforce juridically.
Activity indicators set out in the First NAP and the draft Second NAP are mostly measured by numbers, for example, the number of participants who participated in the training or the number of meetings that were organized. The absence of real qualitative indicators does not allow for a proper evaluation of the effectiveness of both NAPs.
The authorities typically lack knowledge of human rights in fulfilling their commitments under the NAP. The terms specified in the NAP as interpreted by responsible authorities might not always follow international law and standards. For example, when the authorities were required to carry out development projects with the “participation” of the affected individuals and communities; such “participation” was measured solely by the number of hearings that were conducted, while international standards prescribe that participation in decision-making includes access to timely and relevant information and the right to be involved and seek to influence that decision.
The First NAP was known among a limited number of businesses, mainly large companies, not small and medium-sized enterprises.
There is an absence of guidelines and indicators for the companies to fulfill their commitments under the NAP, leading to the unsuccessful implementation of the First NAP.
There was only limited participation of the relevant stakeholders in the process of drafting the Second NAP. It was reported that participants of the hearings organized at the end of 2021 to seek inputs on the draft lacked access to timely and relevant information regarding the draft Plan, information about the draft Plan was not made widely available to the public, and there was confusion among participants on the objectives of the hearing.

Participants also pointed out that the public hearing period for the draft Second NAP was too short. Initially, it was announced that the draft NAP would be posted on the website of the Ministry of Justice’s Right and Liberty Protection Department for public hearing only for the period between 2 and 19 August 2022. However, at the end of the panel discussion, in response to the concern raised at the event, the Ministry of Justice announced that the hearing period would be extended to 19 September 2022.

The outcomes of the discussion and recommendations will also be submitted to the NAP Monitoring Committees.

Background

The UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights strongly encourages all States to develop, enact and periodically update a NAP as part of the responsibility of States to disseminate and implement the UNGPs. This is needed to further efforts at getting companies to respect human rights, hold them accountable, and provide access to justice for victims when companies engage in abuses.

On 29 October 2019, the Thai Cabinet approved and adopted the First NAP (2019-2022), making Thailand the first country in Asia to adopt the stand-alone NAP.

The draft Second NAP (2023-2027) is posted on the Ministry of Justice’s Right and Liberty Protection Department website between 2 August and 19 September 2022 for the public to register their concern. It will later be shared with the Cabinet before being adopted as a Cabinet Resolution.

The draft Second NAP similarly identified four priority issues as in the First NAP, i.e.: (1) Labor; (2) Land, environment, and natural resources; (3) Human rights defenders; and (4) Cross border investment and multi-national enterprises.

The event was co-hosted with:

Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA);
Community Resource Centre Foundation (CRC);
Extraterritorial Obligation Watch Coalition (ETOs Watch);
The European Union (EU); and
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

The panel discussions included the following panelists:

Dr. Amara Pongsapich, AICHR Representatives of Thailand;
Netithorn Praditsarn, Global Compact Network Thailand;
Pichamon Yeophantong, Member of the UN Working Group on Business and Human Rights;
Pimpilai Rumthum, Baan Dek Foundation;
Pitikarn Sitthidech, National Human Rights Commissioner of Thailand;
Sanhawan Srisod, ICJ;
Saovanee Kaewjullakarn, ICJ;
Seree Nonthasoot, Member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR);
Rattanamanee Polkla, Community Resource Centre;
Sutada Mekrungruengkul, Gender Equality Promotion Qualified Committee of Thailand Gender Equality Promotion Act. B.E. 2558; and
Teerachai Sanjaroenkijthaworn, Extraterritorial Obligation Watch Coalition (ETOs Watch).